Hypothesized ways in which level of participants' anxiety affected their experience during outdoor adventure course. Studies anxiety levels of 27 male and 13 female incoming Wheaton College freshmen participating in 3-week High Road Program involving solar experiences, rock climbing, and rappelling. (NEC)

Reviews outdoor education history, beginning in 1930s with periods of experimentation, standardization, resurgence/innovation, and new direction. Explains how outdoor education continues to evolve due to environmental, sociological, and psychological influences and to develop elements of adventure, experimentation, and innovation that will sustain…

The Challenge education program for student teachers entails selecting and performing challenging tasks in six areas: cognitive development, logical inquiry, adventure, creativity, practical skill, and volunteer service. The program is credited with helping break down sex-role stereotypes, building a sense of accomplishment, and developing…

Means-end analysis was used to examine the linkages between elements of an Outward Bound course and the personal benefits and outcomes obtained or reinforced by course completion. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 216 persons, who completed a course at the North Carolina Outward Bound School. Respondents were aged 14-66 (83…

Describes a full time, 18 week, interdisciplinary, experiential education program in which high school students from Colorado Springs, Colorado participate in outdoor adventure, community study, and community service projects. (Author/GC)

Briefly outlines the historical backgrounds of Confucianism, the Chinese educational system, and adventure education. Points out a common ideal of Confucianism and adventure education: "jen," or humanity and benevolence leading to teamwork. Summarizes contributions that adventure education can make to Chinese education, as well as…

Describes benefits students received from participating in a San Francisco high school's innovative outdoor adventure program. Service-learning programs such as this one give students the opportunity to contribute to their community and learn valuable social and life skills. Lessons and memories gained from service-learning experiences can help…

Examination of problem-focused and solution-focused facilitation approaches used with functional and dysfunctional corporate groups found that both approaches were equally effective at increasing teamwork in functional corporate groups; that problem-focused facilitation was less effective with dysfunctional corporate groups; and that…

Twelve exercises are presented that use ropes as aids for reviewing and debriefing. By positioning themselves along a rope continuum, people make self-assessments visible to others. Ropes can be shaped into graphs to depict reactions to experiences. The facilitator can ask questions to help people reflect on their positions. A Web site provides…

Describes a study of self-concept changes among 87 ninth-grade students during a 10-week mandatory adventure course. Concludes that course participation improved overall self-esteem and perceptions of own physical self and popularity, particularly among male students. Contains 16 references. (SV)

Making errors can be a salutary learning experience. The problem in outdoor adventure education is to protect the error makers from real harm, which requires careful structuring of the learning situation. Discusses error limits, how much error correction is appropriate, involving participants in decision making, video playback and debriefing…

A parable illuminates the important interrelationship among aspects of outdoor education: adventure education, outdoor activities, environmental education, and deep ecology. A second parable illustrates the importance of understanding and connecting with nature and how this can be achieved through direct experience with the natural world. Includes…

Forty-seven of 60 participants in 2 sections of Outward Bound completed pre- and posttests and interviews showing differences between the leadership skills intended to be developed, participant perceptions of skill development, and changes measured on the questionnaire. Neither group demonstrated positive changes in the areas where it was…

"Islands of Healing" outlines the history and theoretical foundations of adventure-based counseling, explains group processes during the "adventure wave" process, describes detailed applications of adventure-based counseling in schools and treatment centers and with court-referred youth, and provides references and resource materials. (SV)

Describes nature of adventure in spiritual, emotional, and intellectual terms. Examines roles of risk, pain, failure, success, and public recognition in adventure. Emphasizes rewards of excitement, fun, exhilaration, and self-discovery accompanying adventure. Uses numerous quotes about adventure from authors and literary figures. (TES)