We argue that people compare values in graphs with a "visual routine"--attending to data values in an ordered pattern over time. Do these visual routines exist to manage capacity limitations in how many values can be encoded at once, or do they actually affect the relations that are extracted? We measured eye movements while people…

A basic issue in social influence is how best to change one's judgment in response to learning the opinions of others. This article examines the strategies that people use to revise their quantitative estimates on the basis of the estimates of another person. The authors note that people tend to use 2 basic strategies when revising estimates:…

Drawing from a three-year qualitative multi-case study that examined three urban elementary schools as these schools instituted grade-level data-based collaboration as a school-wide literacy reform strategy, this article investigates how knowledge of student learning and instructional considerations evolved over time across this collection of…

One thread that runs through the definition of what students are to become as a result of their participation in the U.S. school enterprise is the ability to think analytically and behave ethically. This paper describes an effort at curriculum design in which attempts were made to increase critical thinking skills and moral development in…