The purpose of this paper is to present the rationale and procedures used to implement the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) system of scoring writing papers from the 1974 national assessment of writing. Identifying important writing skills and developing writing tasks, scoring guides, and scoring procedures are also discussed. A…

The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is the largest and most ambitious international comparative study designed to provide policy makers, educators, researchers, and practitioners with information about educational achievement and learning contexts. Data were collected from 45 countries in more than 30 different languages.…