We describe some of Merl's more subtle contributions that extended beyond his own prodigious scholarly record, his high-quality teaching, and his mentoring of students. The context of our remarks on Programmatic R&D focuses on his contribution to the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Education. Merl was the first director of…

Policymakers are fond of saying that we have enough research knowledge; however, one problem is that nobody is applying the knowledge we already have. This paper offers a discussion of the kinds of knowledge needed to improve students learning, what to do about this in the assessment and testing arena, and where assessment falls short. Types of…

The inadequacy and/or lack of evaluation procedures in the development of instructional products has been well documented. To help remedy this situation, the authors discuss and analyze research and theory in the field of formative evaluation applied to instructional development. (Author)

The state of the art of student outcome measurement is in flux. (MM)

This paper is concerned with objectives-based evaluation and alternative ways in which a system of objectives and test items might contribute to school programs. In the first study, teachers, parents, and students were involved in the needs assessment phase of educational evaluation with the use of behavioral objectives. All three were first asked…