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Direct linkEscher, Jill; Yan, Wei; Rissman, Emilie F.; Wang, Hsiao-Lin V.; Hernandez, Arturo; Corces, Victor G. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
Investigations into the etiology of autism spectrum disorders have been largely confined to two realms: variations in DNA sequence and somatic developmental exposures. Here we suggest a third route--disruption of the germline epigenome induced by exogenous toxicants during a parent's gamete development. Similar to cases of germline mutation, these…
Descriptors: Etiology, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Genetics, Prenatal Influences
Aaron Grossman – Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Iron consumption among mothers has recently been found to decrease the risk of autism in offspring. However, epidemiological evidence of an increasing iron deficiency among mothers or infants is lacking, and evidence within an individual-level framework of iron deficiency confers doubt upon iron's role as a direct cause of autism. We attempt to…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Mothers, Pregnancy, Prenatal Influences
Redmond, Sean M.; Ash, Andrea C. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2017
Purpose: Relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers in humans represent a retrospective biomarker of prenatal hormonal exposures. For this reason, the 2D:4D digit ratio can be used to investigate potential hormonal contributions to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. This study tested potential group differences in 2D:4D…
Descriptors: Human Body, Prenatal Influences, Physiology, Etiology
Download full textInteragency Autism Coordinating Committee, 2020
Each year, the Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) releases a list of scientific advances that represent significant progress in the field. The "2019 IACC Summary of Advances" provides short, plain language summaries of the top research breakthroughs selected by the IACC from a pool of research articles nominated by the…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Clinical Diagnosis, Predictor Variables
Visser, Janne C.; Rommelse, Nanda; Vink, Lianne; Schrieken, Margo; Oosterling, Iris J.; Gaag, Rutger J.; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
This study examined the differential contribution of pre-and perinatal risks in narrowly versus broadly defined autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and across core symptom domains, IQ and co-morbid problems. Children with a DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder (AD) (n = 121) or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Children, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Pauli-Pott, Ursula; Dalir, Silke; Mingebach, Tanja; Roller, Alisa; Becker, Katja – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Inhibitory control (IC) has been regarded as a neuropsychological basic deficit and as an endophenotype of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Implicated here are mediation processes between etiological factors and ADHD symptoms. We thus analyze whether and to what extent executive IC and delay aversion (DA; i.e.,…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Neuropsychology, Structured Interviews, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Lemiere, Jurgen; Boets, Bart; Danckaerts, Marina – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2010
Aim: It has been suggested that high levels of prenatal testosterone exposure are implied in the aetiology of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the association between the ratio of the length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D ratio), a marker of fetal testosterone exposure, and the presence of ADHD-related…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Children, Prenatal Influences, Etiology
Au, Kit Sing; Ashley-Koch, Allison; Northrup, Hope – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2010
The worldwide incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 per 1,000 births with almost equal frequencies between two major categories: anencephaly and spina bifida (SB). Epidemiological studies have provided valuable insight for (a) researchers to identify nongenetic and genetic factors contributing to etiology, (b) public…
Descriptors: Prenatal Influences, Drug Use, Nutrition, Metabolism
Brosnan, Mark; Walker, Ian – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
Of particular interest to studying the etiology of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is the potential for multiple risk factors to combine through non-random mechanisms--assortative mating. Both genetic influences and a high-testosterone prenatal environment have been implicated in the etiology of ASDs, and given that waist-hip ratio (WHR) is…
Descriptors: Mothers, Autism, Risk, Etiology
Lattari, Fallon; Dragowski, Eliza A. – Communique, 2011
Childhood-onset schizophrenia is an exceedingly rare mental illness whose complex, multifaceted behavioral presentation can disrupt child development and raise diagnostic and treatment difficulties for attending clinicians. The disorder, affecting one in 30,000 children, shares the same diagnostic criteria and symptoms as its adult counterpart,…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Child Development, At Risk Persons
Mill, Jonathan; Petronis, Arturas – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurobehavioural disorder defined by symptoms of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As is the norm for most psychiatric phenotypes, traditional aetiological studies have focused primarily on the interplay between genetic and environmental…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems, Environmental Influences
Crothers, Laura M.; Kehle, Thomas J.; Bray, Melissa A.; Theodore, Lea A. – Psychology in the Schools, 2009
The correlates and suspected causes of the intractable condition obesity are complex and involve environmental and heritable, psychological and physical variables. Overall, the factors associated with and possible causes of it are not clearly understood. Although there exists some ambiguity in the research regarding the degree of happiness in…
Descriptors: Obesity, Body Weight, Child Health, Etiology
Altink, Marieke E.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Franke, Barbara; Slaats-Willemse, Dorine I. E.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Anney, Richard; Brookes, Keeley-Joanne; Chen, Wai; Gill, Michael; Mulligan, Aisling; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Thompson, Margaret; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: The dopamine receptor D4 ("DRD4") 7-repeat allele and maternal smoking during pregnancy are both considered as risk factors in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have been conducted on their interactive effects in causing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to examine the gene by…
Descriptors: Siblings, Smoking, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Pregnancy
Peer reviewedGillberg, Christopher; Gillberg, I. Carina – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1983
Twenty-five autistic children were compared with 25 controls for number of factors identified as optimal in the pre-, peri-, and neonatal period, as noted in medical records. Autistic Ss showed greatly reduced optimality, especially with regard to prenatal factors, in contrast with other reports denying brain injury in autism. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Autism, Etiology, Perinatal Influences, Prenatal Influences
Peer reviewedGold, Sandra; Sherry, Lee – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1984
A review of research on the effects of alcohol consumption by pregnant women supports the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's warning about the possible negative effects (learning disabilities, hyperactivity, short attention span, and emotional liability) of children. (Author/CL)
Descriptors: Alcoholic Beverages, Disabilities, Etiology, Pregnancy
