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Direct linkEscher, Jill; Yan, Wei; Rissman, Emilie F.; Wang, Hsiao-Lin V.; Hernandez, Arturo; Corces, Victor G. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
Investigations into the etiology of autism spectrum disorders have been largely confined to two realms: variations in DNA sequence and somatic developmental exposures. Here we suggest a third route--disruption of the germline epigenome induced by exogenous toxicants during a parent's gamete development. Similar to cases of germline mutation, these…
Descriptors: Etiology, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Genetics, Prenatal Influences
Pauli-Pott, Ursula; Dalir, Silke; Mingebach, Tanja; Roller, Alisa; Becker, Katja – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013
Background: Inhibitory control (IC) has been regarded as a neuropsychological basic deficit and as an endophenotype of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Implicated here are mediation processes between etiological factors and ADHD symptoms. We thus analyze whether and to what extent executive IC and delay aversion (DA; i.e.,…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Neuropsychology, Structured Interviews, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Au, Kit Sing; Ashley-Koch, Allison; Northrup, Hope – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2010
The worldwide incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 per 1,000 births with almost equal frequencies between two major categories: anencephaly and spina bifida (SB). Epidemiological studies have provided valuable insight for (a) researchers to identify nongenetic and genetic factors contributing to etiology, (b) public…
Descriptors: Prenatal Influences, Drug Use, Nutrition, Metabolism
Lattari, Fallon; Dragowski, Eliza A. – Communique, 2011
Childhood-onset schizophrenia is an exceedingly rare mental illness whose complex, multifaceted behavioral presentation can disrupt child development and raise diagnostic and treatment difficulties for attending clinicians. The disorder, affecting one in 30,000 children, shares the same diagnostic criteria and symptoms as its adult counterpart,…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Child Development, At Risk Persons
Mill, Jonathan; Petronis, Arturas – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurobehavioural disorder defined by symptoms of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As is the norm for most psychiatric phenotypes, traditional aetiological studies have focused primarily on the interplay between genetic and environmental…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems, Environmental Influences
Altink, Marieke E.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Franke, Barbara; Slaats-Willemse, Dorine I. E.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Anney, Richard; Brookes, Keeley-Joanne; Chen, Wai; Gill, Michael; Mulligan, Aisling; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Thompson, Margaret; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: The dopamine receptor D4 ("DRD4") 7-repeat allele and maternal smoking during pregnancy are both considered as risk factors in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have been conducted on their interactive effects in causing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to examine the gene by…
Descriptors: Siblings, Smoking, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Pregnancy
Peer reviewedEshkevari, H. Salimi – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1979
The article presents a case history of a pair of male monozygotic twins who both had autism. During pregnancy the mother suffered from severe toxemia, and delivery occurred 2 months before term. (Author/DLS)
Descriptors: Autism, Etiology, Exceptional Child Research, Genetics
Peer reviewedSmalley, Susan L.; Collins, Francis – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1996
Evidence for the genetic basis of autism is offered, as is evidence that environmental determinants also play a role. Research involving the Human Genome Project, using linkage analysis with affected autistic sibling pairs to identify polymorphic marker genes, is described and proposed. (DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Environmental Influences, Etiology, Genetics
Kavale, Kenneth A.; Karge, Belinda D. – Exceptional Child, 1986
The review examines the literature on the behaviorally teratogenic aspects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, including: (1) prevalence of alcohol abuse among women, (2) acute and chronic effects of alcohol on the fetus, (3) genetic susceptibility, (4) neuropathology, (5) correlative conditions, and (6) animal studies. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Alcoholism, Animals, Congenital Impairments, Etiology
Hughes, G. C.; Greenman, G. – Australian Journal of Mental Retardation, 1975
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, Etiology, Exceptional Child Research, Genetics
Peer reviewedMackowiak, Monika – Early Child Development and Care, 2000
Examines the biological factors underlying autism, focusing on research in four areas: (1) neurological abnormalities; (2) biochemical abnormalities; (3) genetic problems; and (4) problems during pregnancy or birth. Maintains that autism is a heterogeneous disorder and that there is no unified model that explains its etiology. (Author/KB)
Descriptors: Autism, Biochemistry, Biological Influences, Causal Models
Sight-Saving Review, 1974
Presented for opthalmologists is basic information about the prevention and management of hereditary eye disease through prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling. (LH)
Descriptors: Congenital Impairments, Diseases, Etiology, Exceptional Child Services
Plumridge, Diane – 1980
Intended for parents and professionals, the book explains chromosome abnormalities in lay terms and discusses the relationship of specific conditions to birth defects. Chromosomal abnormalities are defined and factors in diagnosis and recurrence are discussed. Normal chromosome reproduction processes are covered while such numerical abnormalities…
Descriptors: Children, Clinical Diagnosis, Congenital Impairments, Down Syndrome
Beversdorf, D. Q.; Manning, S. E.; Hillier, A.; Anderson, S. L.; Nordgren, R. E.; Walters, S. E.; Nagaraja, H. N.; Cooley, W. C.; Gaelic, S. E.; Bauman, M. L. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2005
Recent evidence supports a role for genetics in autism, but other findings are difficult to reconcile with a purely genetic cause. Pathological changes in the cerebellum in autism are thought to correspond to an event before 30-32 weeks gestation. Our purpose was to determine whether there is an increased incidence of stressors in autism before…
Descriptors: Autism, Genetics, Etiology, Brain
Peer reviewedShaywitz, Sally E.; And Others – Journal of Pediatrics, 1978
Available from: C. V. Mosby Company 11830 Westline Industrial Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63141 The research review examines evidence suggesting a biochemical basis for minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), which includes both a relationship between MBD and metabolic abnormalities and a significant genetic influence on the disorder in children. (IM)
Descriptors: Biochemistry, Children, Etiology, Exceptional Child Research
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