Combine Collins' (1998) concept of outsiders-within, Habermas' (1985, 1990) theory of communicative action, Saukko's (2005) notion of dialogic validity, and new limitations are revealed about ideal speech situations. As explained by Dillon (2014), an ideal speech situation uses "reason not to dominate or bully [participants in a discussion]…

Many challenges exist to conducting participatory research and consultation with young people, especially with those considered vulnerable or at risk. Beyond respecting the safety and wellbeing of young research participants, researchers must be aware of barriers to youth engagement and be attuned to the many forms of youth resistance. As young…