We examine the relational model of inequality using samples of employer-employee matched data from manufacturing plants in the United States and Japan. We argue that gender is a salient status characteristic in both the United States and Japan, but because of differences in gender politics, wage inequality will vary more across U.S. workplaces…

Christine Ladd-Franklin spent the first forty years of her life becoming one of the best-educated women in nineteenth-century America. She spent the rest of her life devising fellowship programs designed to enable educated women to have the same opportunities as men in their academic careers. The difficulty women had in becoming professors had a…

Proper evidence of age discrimination requires an understanding of the causal relationships among age, productivity, and employment practices. The proper modeling of causation can provide proof of discrimination. Human capital theory can be used to indicate when differential treatment results from discrimination as opposed to age-related factors.…

The idea that Asian Americans constitute a "model minority" needing no special help with education or employment is quite widespread, even amongst government officials. This "model minority" thesis has not been investigated empirically, in part because of the lack of a theoretical construct. An interdisciplinary model focusing…

A salary-growth model for teacher compensation is proposed that provides equitable strategic increments, that is, equitable increments as rewards for contributing to the rectification of educational shortcomings. Traditional teacher-pay plans have been flawed in the lack of salary differentials for training and experience. (SLD)

The papers in this book were prepared for research workshops on equal employment opportunity that were held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1974. Economists, psychologists and sociologists were invited to assess the scope of research to date on employment discrimination. Their paper topics include: (1) economic theories of…

Equal pay for equal work by persons of equal qualifications is the concept behind laws against race and sex discrimination in salaries in the United States. However, determining the existence and extent of discrimination is not a simple matter. A four-step procedure is recommended that attempts to uncover the existence of discrimination and begins…

The increasing concern with equity issues in higher education, along with litigation, has prompted institutions to undertake salary prediction studies. Four models were compared: (1) entering all variables, (2) excluding rank and tenure, (3) using predicted rank and tenure, and (4) using only "objective" variables. (Author/MLW)

Sex bias in college faculty salaries is examined in this book. Part 1 contains the following four chapters on the use of multiple regression to detect and estimate sex bias in salaries: "The Assessment of Salary Equity: A Methodology, Alternatives, and a Dilemma" (Thomas R. Pezzullo and Barbara E. Brittingham); "Detection of Sex-Related Salary…

Differences in levels and determinants of earnings for men and women college graduates are examined. Perspectives from human capital theory, research on the socioeconomic achievement process, and research on segmented labor markets are used to design models of the determination of earnings. Data are taken from the National Opinion Research Center…

The issues of equity, equal opportunities, gender, and organization performance in the health care sector worldwide was examined. Information was gathered from the available literature and from individuals in 17 countries. The analysis highlighted the facts that employment equity debates and policies refer largely to high-income countries and…

The General Accounting Office (GAO) examined the effectiveness of using strategic human capital (HC) management to drive transformational change in federal agencies and reported on its own implementation of a new competency-based performance management system. First, the potential impacts of the following three broad HC reform opportunities to…

Evidence from North American pay practices was used to examine the question of whether the "old employment contact," according to which employees promised to exchange hard work for job security, has truly been replaced by a "new employment contract" based more on market forces. The study analyzed data from the following…

This document presents information, guidelines, and resource materials to help law enforcement administrators address issues related to recruiting and retaining women in law enforcement. Its 14 chapters contain the following sections: statement of the problem; legal issues; possible solutions, model policies, and practices; expert assistance,…

This book explains how high school teachers and counselors can modify their schools' existing programs to create viable options for noncollege-bound students and help them regain control over their lives. Chapters 1-7 discuss the following topics: (1) rescuing a generation adrift; (2) recognizing the forces behind the "one way to win" mentality;…