In 2021, Child Trends was selected to conduct a literature review and develop a policy and practice report to map the history of systemic racism in the U.S. and how it has influenced early childhood education (ECE) policy and practice, with a particular focus on educator pay and benefits, preparation, and workforce stability. This report…

Americans with a disability are substantially less likely to be employed than those without a disability. Among those with a disability who are employed, additional layers of inequality have been established, including wage differences and access to benefits. Education is generally viewed as a pathway to professional work with good wages,…

Purpose: To compare pay gap estimates across 3 different national survey data sets for people with disabilities relative to those without disabilities when pay is measured as wage and salary alone versus a (total compensation) definition that includes an estimate of the value of benefits. Method: Estimates of the cost to the employers of employee…

This document provides an overview of research findings presented and audience response at the "state-the-science" conference conducted by Cornell University October 22-23, 2013 in Washington, D.C. on the topic of "Innovative Research on Employment Practices: Improving Employment for People with Disabilities." An overview of…

Keith Hoeller is an adjunct professor. He teaches philosophy for a living at Green River Community College, just outside Seattle. He has also spent much of the last two decades ruminating about the bigger picture for those at his level of the professorial pecking order. Over the years, Hoeller has lobbied relentlessly for adjunct-friendly…

In estimating earnings equations for seven occupations, when fringe benefits are excluded, women receive significantly lower wages in all but the most female-dominated occupation. Including fringe benefits makes gender significant in only one occupational category. Crowding of one gender into an occupation appears the primary determinant of the…

The article examines the major external forces constraining equitable employee compensation, sets forth the classical employee compensation assumptions, suggests somewhat more realistic employee compensation assumptions, and proposes guidelines based on analysis of these external constraints and assumptions. (Author)

Progress made by academic women in eliminating discriminatory policies and practices once prevalent in higher educational institutions is reviewed. Of substantial distinction have been Committee W's efforts to seek economic parity and financial equity for academic women. (LBH)

A survey of 205 people, 4 group interviews with approximately 30 people, and 6 design and analysis meetings involving approximately 40 people were conducted in a 1999 participatory study of contingent workers in Toronto. (Contingent work was defined to be lower-waged forms of non-permanent work arrangements that include contracting, employment…

Phase 1 of the National Commission on Working Women (NCWW) process for change was dedicated to learning and communicating problems of the 33 million women (80% of the female workforce) who are in the lowest paying and least regarded jobs. Three principal means were developed to reach as many of the 80% as possible: regional dialogues, national…

This article explains briefly how the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 applies to certain hiring practices. The four sections of the paper cover the following: (1) the scope of the ADEA, including coverage, prohibited conduct, and legal remedies for workers who feel they have suffered discrimination; (2) hiring older workers,…

Papers presented at the 25th meeting of the Industrial Relations Research Association (IRAA) covered issues that are central to industrial relations in North America. Papers and discussions dealt with these major issues: (1) Prices and Income Policy: Comparative Aspects, (2) Dispute Settlement in the Public Sector, (3) Manpower Policies in Canada…

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent labor market experience of American workers with disabilities and an assessment of the impact the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has had on that experience. Since one intention of the ADA is to break down barriers to employment for the disabled, the analyses focus on labor demand…

This guide outlines how school districts can identify sex discrimination against women teachers and women administrators in their employment practices. It offers step-by-step instructions for collecting and analyzing data relevant to hiring patterns, promotional processes, salary, and fringe benefits. The first section of each chapter provides…

Information, suggestions and guidelines are provided regarding employment equity for women in Ontario universities. Information is provided on the following topics: the office of the Employment Equity Coordinator; data and program development; employment systems (hiring, career development, compensation, and employees with family…