This monograph examines issues related specifically to male gender roles; males' self-esteem; and males' participation in the learning environment, nontraditional work, and vocational education. The social and emotional difficulties experienced by males because of society's limited definition of masculinity and strict thinking regarding the male gender role are discussed. Examined next are implications of the historically strong link between work and conceptions of masculinity in the United States. The importance of the issues of male self-esteem, self-concept, and sense of masculinity in vocational education is analyzed in a discussion that includes the findings of a study of the myths and stereotypes held by many high school-age males about nontraditional vocational careers. Possible ways of expanding options for males in vocational education are explored, and eight steps to achieving equity for males in vocational education are listed. Concluding the monograph is a section of statements that illustrate many of the problems encountered by men because of traditional expectations of the male's role in society. Contains 17 references. (MV)