The ideal of creating a non-racial and equitable school environment is embedded in the South African Constitution. This ideal is informed by a desire to overcome the divisions of the apartheid past by pursuing policies and strategies that will promote the achievement of social cohesion, without denying space for various identities. Schools are…

This essay examines the impact of the Brown decision on both the relative educational attainments and relative earnings of blacks and whites. On the basis of the available data, it argues that the Brown decision had a powerful effect on improving the economic status of blacks, although only a portion of that improvement was attained through more…

The problems resulting from the 1956 desegregation of Clinton High School in Tennessee are related by one teacher involved with the school. She describes the lives of the people of Clinton and tells of the problems Negro children were confronted with during the first year of integration, in an effort to obtain an equal education. The conclusions…

Surveys past two decades of struggle for Black civil rights in the U.S., measuring progress in the areas of political equality, equality before the law, equality of opportunity, economic equality, and social equality. Concludes that Black people in 1983 remain as oppressed as 20 years ago. (RDN)

In the early stages of higher education desegregation, there was a disproportionate shifting of black students to historically white institutions. Today, it is estimated that about 82% of all black students in colleges and universities are enrolled in traditionally white institutions. As desegregation proceeded, the conviction grew that it was to…

Because South Africa has a critical shortage of skilled industrial personnel, new work opportunities are appearing for the disadvantaged Black majority. This will, in turn, require a rapid reorientation of the country's educational system, especially at the postcompulsory level, to provide Blacks with the necessary vocational skills. (SJL)

When forecasting the probable effects of a voucher system on the education of poor Blacks, the majority of authors whose writings were examined concurred that the exercise of educational choice would result in more productive and more responsive educational opportunities for the newly empowered impoverished Black family. (Author)

The year 2004 marked the 50th anniversary of the landmark "Brown vs. Board of Education" case that put an official end to segregated schooling in the USA. Desegregation has received little attention as of late, yet a number of scholars argue that the work of desegregation is far from being complete in the USA. The aim of this paper is to…

This report evaluates the progress that has been made since three landmarks in blacks' struggle for equal treatment in the United States. Despite the 1944 case of Smith vs. Allwright, in which the Supreme Court decided that the Texas White Primary was unconstitutional, growing evasion and resistance by whites limited gains in black enfranchisement…

This address outlined many of the problems confronting urban education. Listed as needs which are important prerequisites were such imperatives as adequate financing, changing attitudes, innovation, equalization of opportunities for the disadvantaged, and preparation and retraining of teachers. The author gave recognition to the attention in the…

The power of Black women is discussed in terms of their progress in society so far, their current predicaments, and possibilities for the future. The progress of Black women is seen in their survival, the greater numbers of Black women in nontraditional roles, and the competence and qualities with which they perform in those roles. Four…

Provides an archival analysis of the relationship between the NAACP and its progeny, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., in their joint battle to end segregation in the United States, especially in its public schools. Legal efforts targeting NAACP operations in the aftermath of Brown are examined. (GR)

Examines the potential impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the struggle initiated by Brown, namely, that of freeing the nation's schools and educational work places from the effects of racial discrimination. It also discusses the major components of the ADA and offers policy guidelines for implementing the ADA in schools and…

This report surveys American and British experiences in applying law to problems of race relations, and assesses the achievements and setbacks in each nation. An overview of racial issues in the course of United States and British history, beginning with the slavery issue, provides a perspective on the common and different problems experienced by…

An investigation into the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights (OCR) revealed the following: (1) the desegregation plans of ten states expired before achieving their goal, yet OCR has taken no remedial action to enforce the law; and (2) legal infractions by OCR have not been adequately investigated. (BJV)