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Direct linkMuschkin, Clara G.; Ladd, Helen F.; Dodge, Kenneth A. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2015
This study examines the community-wide effects of investments in two early childhood initiatives in North Carolina (Smart Start and More at Four) on the likelihood of a student being placed into special education. We take advantage of variation across North Carolina counties and years in the timing of the introduction and funding levels of the two…
Descriptors: Early Childhood Education, Special Education, Student Placement, Grade 3
Download full textMuschkin, Clara G.; Ladd, Helen F.; Dodge, Kenneth A. – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER), 2015
This study examines the community-wide effects of investments in two early childhood initiatives in North Carolina (Smart Start and More at Four) on the likelihood of a student being placed into special education. We take advantage of variation across North Carolina counties and years in the timing of the introduction and funding levels of the two…
Descriptors: Special Education, Student Placement, Disability Identification, Grade 3
Harris, Douglas N.; Ladd, Helen F.; Smith, Marshall S.; West, Martin R. – Brookings Institution, 2016
The federal government's role in PreK-12 education has long been contentious and continues to evolve. Many have written about education governance, but few have attempted to define an appropriate role for the federal government. That is the core purpose of this essay. The authors articulate a set of principles to guide the federal role in…
Descriptors: Federal Government, Government Role, Preschool Education, Elementary Secondary Education
Clotfelter, Charles; Ladd, Helen F.; Vigdor, Jacob; Wheeler, Justin – Sanford School of Public Policy, 2006
Although many factors combine to make a successful school, most people agree that quality teachers and school principals are among the most important requirements for success, especially when success is defined by the ability of the school to raise the achievement of its students. The central question for this study is how the quality of the…
Descriptors: Poverty, Academic Achievement, Labor Market, Educational Opportunities
