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Autism in Two Females with Duplications Involving Xp11.22-p11.23
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Edens, Anna C.; Lyons, Michael J.; Duron, Reyna M.; DuPont, Barbara R.; Holden, Kenton R. – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2011
We present two phenotypically similar females with Xp duplication who have autism and epilepsy. Case 1 is a 14-year-old Honduran female with autism and medically refractory complex partial, secondarily generalized epilepsy. Case 2 is a 3-year-old Austrian female with autism and medically refractory complex partial epilepsy. Both patients also…
Descriptors: Epilepsy, Females, Patients, Autism
Seizures in Fragile X Syndrome: Characteristics and Comorbid Diagnoses
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Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth; Raspa, Melissa; Loggin-Hester, Lisa; Bishop, Ellen; Holiday, David; Bailey, Donald B., Jr. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2010
A national survey of caregivers of individuals with fragile X syndrome addressed characteristics of epilepsy and co-occurring conditions. Of the 1,394 individuals (1,090 males and 304 females) with the full mutation, 14% of males and 6% of females reported seizures. Seizures were more often partial, began between ages 4 and 10 years, and were…
Descriptors: Seizures, Caregivers, National Surveys, Disabilities
Spectrum of Epilepsy and Electroencephalogram Patterns in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Experience with 87 Patients
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Battaglia, Agatino; Filippi, Tiziana; South, Sarah T.; Carey, John C. – Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2009
To define the spectrum of epilepsy in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) better, we studied 87 patients (54 females, 33 males; median age 5.6 years; age range 1-25.6 years) with confirmed 4p16.3 deletion. On the basis of clinical charts, we retrospectively analyzed the evolution of the electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and seizures. Epilepsy…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Epilepsy, Seizures, Identification
From mTOR to Cognition: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairments in Tuberous Sclerosis
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Ehninger, D.; de Vries, P. J.; Silva, A. J. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2009
Background: Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is a multi-system disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in the "TSC1" or "TSC2" gene and is often associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, including intellectual disability, specific neuropsychological deficits, autism, other behavioural disorders and epilepsy. Method: Here, we review evidence from animal…
Descriptors: Epilepsy, Mental Retardation, Seizures, Pathology
Key Clinical Features to Identify Girls with "CDKL5" Mutations
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Bahi-Buisson, Nadia; Nectoux, Juliette; Rosas-Vargas, Haydee; Milh, Mathieu; Boddaert, Nathalie; Girard, Benoit; Cances, Claude; Ville, Dorothee; Afenjar, Alexandra; Rio, Marlene; Heron, Delphine; Morel, Marie Ange N'Guyen; Arzimanoglou, Alexis; Philippe, Christophe; Jonveaux, Philippe; Chelly, Jamel; Bienvenu, Thierry – Brain, 2008
Mutations in the human X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 ("CDKL5") gene have been shown to cause infantile spasms as well as Rett syndrome (RTT)-like phenotype. To date, less than 25 different mutations have been reported. So far, there are still little data on the key clinical diagnosis criteria and on the natural history of…
Descriptors: Females, Genetics, Seizures, Epilepsy
Benign Occipital Epilepsies of Childhood: Clinical Features and Genetics
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Taylor, Isabella; Berkovic, Samuel F.; Kivity, Sara; Scheffer, Ingrid E. – Brain, 2008
The early and late benign occipital epilepsies of childhood (BOEC) are described as two discrete electro-clinical syndromes, eponymously known as Panayiotopoulos and Gastaut syndromes. Our aim was to explore the clinical features, classification and clinical genetics of these syndromes using twin and multiplex family studies to determine whether…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Twins, Epilepsy, Children
Epilepsy and Mental Retardation Limited to Females: An Under-Recognized Disorder
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Scheffer, Ingrid E.; Turner, Samantha J.; Dibbens, Leanne M.; Bayly, Marta A.; Friend, Kathryn; Hodgson, Bree; Burrows, Linda; Shaw, Marie; Wei, Chen; Ullmann, Reinhard; Ropers, Hans-Hilger; Szepetowski, Pierre; Haan, Eric; Mazarib, Aziz; Afawi, Zaid; Neufeld, Miriam Y.; Andrews, P. Ian; Wallace, Geoffrey; Kivity, Sara; Lev, Dorit; Lerman-Sagie, Tally; Derry, Christopher P.; Korczyn, Amos D.; Gecz, Jozef; Mulley, John C.; Berkovic, Samuel F. – Brain, 2008
Epilepsy and Mental Retardation limited to Females (EFMR) which links to Xq22 has been reported in only one family. We aimed to determine if there was a distinctive phenotype that would enhance recognition of this disorder. We ascertained four unrelated families (two Australian, two Israeli) where seizures in females were transmitted through…
Descriptors: Epilepsy, Mental Retardation, Females, Genetics
Neuroepileptic Correlates of Autistic Symptomatology in Tuberous Sclerosis
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Bolton, Patrick F. – Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2004
Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic condition that is strongly associated with the development of an autism spectrum disorder. However, there is marked variability in expression, and only a subset of children with tuberous sclerosis develop autism spectrum disorder. Clarification of the mechanisms that underlie the association and variability in…
Descriptors: Autism, Etiology, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Epilepsy
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Potential Mechanisms of Cognitive Regression
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Blume, Warren T. – Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2004
Lennox-Gastaut (L-G) syndrome is an intractable generalized epilepsy of childhood onset, associated with spike waves at a slow rate and paroxysmal fast activity. These epileptiform discharge patterns are thought to reflect excessive neocortical excitability and arise from neuronal and synaptic features peculiar to the immature central nervous…
Descriptors: Seizures, Brain, Social Isolation, Cognitive Development
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome, Electrical Status Epilepticus in Slow Wave Sleep, and Language Regression in Children
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McVicar, Kathryn A.; Shinnar, Shlomo – Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2004
The Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and electrical status epilepticus in slow wave sleep (ESES) are rare childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathies in which loss of language skills occurs in the context of an epileptiform EEG activated in sleep. Although in LKS the loss of function is limited to language, in ESES there is a wider spectrum of…
Descriptors: Language Skill Attrition, Pathology, Language Skills, Autism