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Showing 31 to 45 of 125 results Save | Export
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Brosnan, Mark; Walker, Ian – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
Of particular interest to studying the etiology of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is the potential for multiple risk factors to combine through non-random mechanisms--assortative mating. Both genetic influences and a high-testosterone prenatal environment have been implicated in the etiology of ASDs, and given that waist-hip ratio (WHR) is…
Descriptors: Mothers, Autism, Risk, Etiology
Lattari, Fallon; Dragowski, Eliza A. – Communique, 2011
Childhood-onset schizophrenia is an exceedingly rare mental illness whose complex, multifaceted behavioral presentation can disrupt child development and raise diagnostic and treatment difficulties for attending clinicians. The disorder, affecting one in 30,000 children, shares the same diagnostic criteria and symptoms as its adult counterpart,…
Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Child Development, At Risk Persons
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Alavi, Zakia; Calleja, Nancy G. – Child Welfare, 2012
Recent studies have highlighted the progressively increasing number of children prescribed psychotropic medication, while findings have illustrated significantly greater usage among child welfare-involved children. These findings have raised serious concerns among mental health and child welfare professionals as well as the general public. To…
Descriptors: Public Health, Child Welfare, Drug Therapy, Mental Health
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Wiebe, Sandra A.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Stopp, Christian; Respass, Jennifer; Stewart, Peter; Jameson, Travis R.; Gilbert, David G.; Huggenvik, Jodi I. – Developmental Psychology, 2009
Genetic factors dynamically interact with both pre- and postnatal environmental influences to shape development. Considerable attention has been devoted to gene-environment interactions (G x E) on important outcomes (A. Caspi & T. E. Moffitt, 2006). It is also important to consider the possibility that these G x E effects may vary across…
Descriptors: Smoking, Preschool Children, Neonates, Genetics
Tierney, Adrienne L.; Nelson, Charles A., III – Zero to Three (J), 2009
Research over the past several decades has provided insight into the processes that govern early brain development and how those processes contribute to behavior. In this article, the authors provide an overview of early brain development beginning with a summary of the prenatal period. They then turn to postnatal development and examine how brain…
Descriptors: Brain, Child Development, Child Behavior, Prenatal Influences
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Mill, Jonathan; Petronis, Arturas – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurobehavioural disorder defined by symptoms of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As is the norm for most psychiatric phenotypes, traditional aetiological studies have focused primarily on the interplay between genetic and environmental…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems, Environmental Influences
National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 2010
New scientific research shows that environmental influences can actually affect whether and how genes are expressed. Thus, the old ideas that genes are "set in stone" or that they alone determine development have been disproven. In fact, scientists have discovered that early experiences can determine how genes are turned on and off and even…
Descriptors: Scientific Research, Brain, Environmental Influences, Early Experience
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Yumoto, Chie; Jacobson, Sandra W.; Jacobson, Joseph L. – Child Development, 2008
Two models of vulnerability to socioenvironmental risk were examined in 337 African American children (M = 7.8 years) recruited to overrepresent prenatal alcohol or cocaine exposure: The cumulative risk model predicted synergistic effects from exposure to multiple risk factors, and the fetal patterning of disease model predicted that prenatal…
Descriptors: African American Children, At Risk Persons, Risk, Prenatal Influences
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Crothers, Laura M.; Kehle, Thomas J.; Bray, Melissa A.; Theodore, Lea A. – Psychology in the Schools, 2009
The correlates and suspected causes of the intractable condition obesity are complex and involve environmental and heritable, psychological and physical variables. Overall, the factors associated with and possible causes of it are not clearly understood. Although there exists some ambiguity in the research regarding the degree of happiness in…
Descriptors: Obesity, Body Weight, Child Health, Etiology
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Molteno, Christopher D.; Jacobson, Sandra W.; Carter, R. Colin; Jacobson, Joseph L. – Infancy, 2010
Infant symbolic play was examined in relation to prenatal alcohol exposure and socioenvironmental background and to predict which infants met criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) at 5 years. A total of 107 Cape-Colored, South African infants born to heavy drinking mothers and abstainers/light drinkers were recruited prenatally. Complexity of…
Descriptors: Play, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Drinking, Intelligence Quotient
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Altink, Marieke E.; Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro; Franke, Barbara; Slaats-Willemse, Dorine I. E.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Anney, Richard; Brookes, Keeley-Joanne; Chen, Wai; Gill, Michael; Mulligan, Aisling; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Thompson, Margaret; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip; Buitelaar, Jan K. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: The dopamine receptor D4 ("DRD4") 7-repeat allele and maternal smoking during pregnancy are both considered as risk factors in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have been conducted on their interactive effects in causing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to examine the gene by…
Descriptors: Siblings, Smoking, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Pregnancy
National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 2007
"Science Briefs" summarize the findings and implications of a recent study in basic science or clinical research. This Brief reports on the study "Perinatal Exposure to a Noncoplanar Bichlorinated Biphenol Alters Tonotopy, Receptive Fields and Plasticity in the Auditory Cortex" (T. Kenet; R. C. Froemke; C. E. Schreiner; I. N. Pessah; and M. M.…
Descriptors: Prenatal Influences, Environmental Influences, Pollution, Hazardous Materials
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Dixon, Dennis R.; Kurtz, Patricia F.; Chin, Michelle D. – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2008
A review of the existing literature on the occurrence of challenging behavior among children with prenatal drug exposure was conducted. While a large number of studies were identified that evaluated various outcomes of prenatal drug exposure, only 37 were found that directly evaluated challenging behaviors. Of the 37 studies, 23 focused on…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Child Behavior, At Risk Persons, Prenatal Influences
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Fast, Diane K.; Conry, Julianne – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2009
The life-long neurological impairments found in people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), including learning disabilities, impulsivity, hyperactivity, social ineptness, and poor judgment, can increase susceptibility to victimization and involvement in the criminal justice system (CJS). Individuals with FASDs become involved in the CJS…
Descriptors: Antisocial Behavior, Neurological Impairments, Learning Disabilities, Family Environment
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Ginsburg, Benson E. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 1971
Paper presented at the Merrill-Palmer Conference on Research and Teaching of Infant Development, February 13-15, 1970. (JE)
Descriptors: Behavior Development, Environmental Influences, Genetics, Heredity
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