The article presents a 5E environmental science lesson to help students understand the major environmental factors that lead to acid rain. Students are supported to ask scientific questions to solve the mystery of how acid rain might impact historical buildings. This lesson can be used in a variety of settings both in person and online modalities. It is also adapted so teachers can choose any historical buildings to serve as an example for students to consider during the lesson. The lesson provides an interesting way to support students' understanding of how human activity can lead to acid rain production and can be used to teach a variety of topics including: conservation, weather and erosion, deductive reasoning, as well as exploring the connections between science and one's local community. The ideas in the lesson would be ideal for a traditional school setting as well as non-traditional settings such as home schools or museums. Through hands-on investigation, students will gather scientific evidence and create a scientific argument to explain the effects of acid rain on historic buildings in their community.