This report describes an optimization phase of the SYSTRAN (System Translation) machine translation technique. The most distinctive characteristic of SYSTRAN is the absence of pre-editing; the program reads tapes containing raw and unedited Russian texts, carries out dictionary and table lookups, performs all syntactic analysis procedures, and…

Presented at "Translation 73," a conference on the present state of literary translation, Columbia University, March 30, 1973. (DD)

Gaps in the morphological systems of languages are discussed, with specific examples from English, Russian, Arabic, and Hungarian. (RM)

An analysis of subjacency in Russian focuses on relative clauses, and on the movement of the Russian pronoun "kotoryj." The properties of relativization in English are compared and contrasted with those in Russian, and a theory predating the formulation of bounding theory and the subjacency condition is tested with data from Russian. A…

This article compares English and Russian studies of the use of psychometric methods in linguistic research, and presents the results of recent research. (CLK)

Analyzes the purpose of metaphor, distinguishing five different types, proposes terms that describe its components, and lists seven procedures for its translation. It is claimed that metaphor is at the center of all problems of translation theory, semantics, and linguistics. (MES)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of monolingual English, bilingual Cantonese-English, and bilingual Russian-English speakers toward individuals with voice disorders. METHOD: In a mixed experimental design, a total of 30 older and 29 younger female listeners from the 3 language groups rated the voices of 10 females,…

This annotated bibliography on the teaching of modern languages is a quarterly product of a German information dissemination system (IFS) similar to ERIC. Citations are compiled in conjunction with the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics and a number of other institutions around the world. Entries include mostly German, French,…

This document consists of the four issues of a serialized annotated bibliography on the teaching of modern languages published during 1990. The bibliographies are published quarterly by a German information dissemination system similar to ERIC and list items compiled in conjunction with the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics and a…

This collection of annotated bibliographies on the teaching of modern languages is the product of a West German information dissemination system similar to ERIC. The bibliographies are published quarterly and list items compiled in conjunction with the ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics and with a number of institutions around the…

This terminology circular is one of a series issued by the International Labour Office on an irregular basis, designed to facilitate the work of translators, editors, and other staff members. The circular contains official titles of personnel, offices, bureaus, branches, departments, and other organizational units of the ILO. Entries are listed…

This four-part study introduces the reader to the methods and procedures used in descriptive linguistics and their application to the sound systems of English and Russian. A condensed phonology of English includes discussion of consonants, vowels, stress, phrasing, and pitch. The section on Russian phonemes examines: (1) consonant and vowel…

In discussing the views of leading linguistics on the specific features of Slavic negation, the author reviews mainly Czech material and compares it with Russian and English works. This paper is part of a larger work on negation in which it is argued that a language system is a dynamic system based on oppositions (with predominant binary…

Four distinct cases of the Russian imperfective-completive are examined, focusing on typical non-negated past-tense uses. One suggestion for improving the teaching of aspect is to draw simple parallels between English and Russian verb systems, both of which consist of the three aspectualities "completive,""habitual," and…