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Direct linkLima Becker, Mariana; Chang-Bacon, Chris K.; Oliveira, Gabrielle – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
This study documents the notion of unilateral translanguaging--the configuration of translanguaging spaces to disproportionately privilege a dominant language or its speakers. We analyze four teachers' translanguaging practices in a Portuguese-English two-way immersion (TWI) program in the United States. Rather than focusing on whether and how…
Descriptors: Portuguese, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Peer reviewedde Jong, Ester J. – Bilingual Research Journal, 2002
A Massachusetts two-way bilingual education program provides initial first-language (L1) literacy development for all students, teaches half of the curriculum in L1 and half in L2 by third grade, and selectively integrates native and non-native speakers of the target language. Both target groups meet academic and linguistic goals by fifth grade.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cultural Pluralism, Elementary Education, English
