Discusses attitudes to types of English language use--English as a second language, English as a foreign language, and English as a mother tongue (EMT)--as their use is demonstrated by tests. Concludes that EMT status is uncertain but that a test does provide a normative goal description. (SED)

Focuses on the concept of "native speaker," with particular attention to the discussion of whether native speakers of World English are native speakers of English. (Author/VWL)

Addresses three questions regarding Standard English; (1) Is there a Standard English and what is it?; (2) Do we need Standard English?; and (3) Which Standard English should we choose? (Author/VWL)