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Matsumoto, Paul S. – Journal of Chemical Education, 2005
A rationale for the difference in the periodic trends in the ionization energy of the transition-metal elements versus the main-group elements is presented. The difference is that in the transition-metal elements, the electrons enter an inner-shell electron orbital, while in the main-group elements, the electrons enter an outer-shell electron…
Descriptors: Chemistry, Molecular Structure, Energy, Scientific Concepts
Kovacevic, Milan S.; Djordjevich, Alexandar – Physics Education, 2006
Analogy is a potent tool in the teacher's repertoire. It has been particularly well recognized in the teaching of science. However, careful planning is required for its effective application to prevent documented drawbacks when analogies are stretched too far. Befitting the occasion of the World Year of Physics commemorating Albert Einstein's 1905…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, Physics, Energy, Mechanics (Physics)

Fox, Marye Anne; Matsen, F. A. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1985
Presents a new view of the electronic structure of pi systems that unifies molecular orbital and valence bond theories. Describes construction of electronic structure diagrams (central to this new view) which demonstrate how configuration interaction can improve qualitative predictions made from simple Huckel theory. (JN)
Descriptors: Chemical Bonding, College Science, Energy, Higher Education

Fox, Marye Anne; Matsen, F. A. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1985
Pi-CI theory is a simple, semi-empirical procedure which (like Huckel theory) treats pi and pseudo-pi orbitals; in addition, electron repulsion is explicitly included and molecular configurations are mixed. Results obtained from application of pi-CI to ethylene are superior to either the Huckel molecular orbital or valence bond theories. (JN)
Descriptors: Chemical Bonding, College Science, Energy, Higher Education
Marcotte, Ronald E. – Journal of Chemical Education, 2005
This physical chemistry lecture demonstration is designed to aid the understanding of intramolecular energy transfer processes as part of the presentation of the theory of unimolecular reaction rates. Coupled pendulums are used to show the rate of migration of energy between oscillators under resonant and nonresonant conditions with varying…
Descriptors: Kinetics, Chemistry, Scientific Methodology, Molecular Structure
Scalice, Daniella; Wilmoth, Krisstina – Science Teacher, 2004
Life as people know it here on Earth exchanges energy and materials with the environment. Life forms grow, develop, produce waste products, and reproduce, storing genetic information in DNA and RNA and passing it from one generation to the next. Life evolves, adapting to changes in the environment and changing the environment in return. The basic…
Descriptors: Energy, Environmental Influences, Molecular Structure, Molecular Biology

Horowitz, Gail; Schwartz, Gary – Journal of Chemical Education, 2004
The molecular modeling was used to reinforce more general skills such as deducing and drawing reaction mechanisms, analyzing reaction kinetics and thermodynamics and drawing reaction coordinate energy diagrams. This modeling was done through the design of mechanistic puzzles, involving reactions not familiar to the students.
Descriptors: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Molecular Structure, Models
Cortes-Figueroa, Jose E.; Moore-Russo, Deborah A. – Journal of Chemical Education, 2006
The kinetics experiments on the ligand-C[subscript 60] exchange reactions on (dihapto-[60]fullerene) pentacarbonyl tungsten(0), ([eta][superscript 2]-C[subscript 60])W(CO)[subscript 5], form an educational activity for the inorganic chemistry laboratory that promotes graphical thinking as well as the understanding of kinetics, mechanisms, and the…
Descriptors: Learning Activities, Kinetics, Inorganic Chemistry, Thermodynamics

George, Philip; And Others – Journal of Chemical Education, 1984
Discusses the nature of experimental resonance energy, explaining how its magnitude depends upon choice of reference molecules from which bond energies are derived. Also explains how it can be evaluated more simply, without recourse to bond energies, as enthalpy change for a reaction predetermined by choice of reference molecules. (JN)
Descriptors: Chemical Bonding, Chemical Reactions, College Science, Energy

Castano, F.; And Others – Journal of Chemical Education, 1983
The RKR method for determining accurate potential energy curves is described. Advantages of using the method (compared to Morse procedure) and a TRS-80 computer program which calculates the classical turning points by an RKR method are also described. The computer program is available from the author upon request. (Author/JN)
Descriptors: Chemistry, College Science, Computer Programs, Energy

Hansen, David E.; Raines, Ronald T. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1990
Discussed is the fundamental role that the favorable free energy of binding of the rate-determining transition state plays in catalysis. The principle that all of the catalytic factors discussed are realized by the use of this binding energy is reviewed. (CW)
Descriptors: Atomic Structure, Biochemistry, Chemical Reactions, Chemistry

Pilar, Frank L. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1978
Discusses the energy levels of 3d and 4s electrons. (SL)
Descriptors: Atomic Structure, Atomic Theory, Chemistry, College Science

Boyd, Donald B.; Lipkowitz, Kenny B. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1982
Molecular mechanics is a nonquantum mechanical method for solving problems concerning molecular geometries and energy. Methodology based on: the principle of combining potential energy functions of all structural features of a particular molecule into a total force field; derivation of basic equations; and use of available computer programs is…
Descriptors: Chemical Bonding, Chemistry, College Science, Computer Programs

Cooper, Charles F. – Journal of Chemical Education, 1979
Details a procedure for accurately calculating the quantum mechanical energies of hydrocarbons using the perturbational molecular orbital (PMO) method, which does not require the use of a computer. (BT)
Descriptors: Chemistry, College Science, Energy, Higher Education
Jungermann, Arnd H. – Journal of Chemical Education, 2006
In contrast to most other thermodynamic data, entropy values are not given in relation to a certain--more or less arbitrarily defined--zero level. They are listed in standard thermodynamic tables as absolute values of specific substances. Therefore these values describe a physical property of the listed substances. One of the main tasks of…
Descriptors: Thermodynamics, Organic Chemistry, Scientific Concepts, Quantum Mechanics