Reports results of an approach using a multiple regression model to determine factors leading to larger male earnings and identifying potential discrimination with these factors, which included differences in the return to investment in human capital, rate of employment, type of employer, and return to experience. (TA)

A study focused on the extent to which women undergo a spell of unemployment upon reentering the labor force and the factors that determine whether they undergo this spell of unemployment. Data were from two samples of female reentrants constructed from the National Longitudinal Survey for 1972. The sample of young women included those 20-28 years…

After a discussion of the patterns of female labor force activity and the trend toward increased participation in the labor force by women between 1900 and 1975, this paper points to the need to re-examine traditional ideas about women and work and to develop a model of female occupational behavior based on a human development approach. Four…

Using an adjustment to the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) model that will take into account the changing male/female ratios of physicians, the estimated physician surplus in the year 2000 is reduced by approximately 28 percent of the GMENAC-predicted surplus. (Author/MLW)

Utilizing data on the work experience of women, the authors examine both the empirical specification of human capital models of earnings in the presence of discontinuous work experience over the life cycle and simultaneous-equations models of wage determination and labor supply. (EM)

A model for examining the two basic approaches of encouraging later retirement is presented in which the coercive approach relies primarily on negative incentives such as benefit reductions, and the voluntary approach encourages continued employment through positive incentives and increased employment opportunities. The degree to which these…

This pamphlet examines the development and activities of WomenVenture's business development program in the context of facilitation of self-employment as a means to women's economic self-sufficiency. The following topics are discussed: women in the work force, women in poverty, self-employment and low-income women, formation of the Women's…

An examination was made of what determined women's opportunities to participate in the United States labor force from 1940 to 1978. Using a model drawn from ecological and competition theory, the data examined suggest that the expansion of the economy, the relative proportion of women in the population, female tertiary education, and governmental…

A study examined psychological and contextual influences on the courses of Australian women's lives and careers. Data were obtained from two sources: (1) the Career Development Project (CDP), a longitudinal study of 3,000 Australian men and women who were selected from an initial sample of 17-year-olds in 1973 and whose educational and career…

The following papers are included: "Foreword" (Paula England); "Introduction to the Study of Women and Work" (Dana Dunn); "Gender Culture and Socialization" (Rita Mae Kelly); "Parental Influence and Women's Careers" (Sue Joan Mendelson Freeman); "Shortchanging Girls: Gender Socialization in…

The rising wage inequality in U.S. urban labor markets during the 1980s was examined in a study of 20 metropolitan area labor markets. The study's perspective differs from the prevailing perspective on the problem in three ways: (1) it focuses on changes in the wage structure in a sample of local labor markets; (2) it examines changes in the…

This document contains 95 papers and summaries of 5 poster sessions from an Australian conference on putting vocational education and training (VET) research to work. The following are among the areas covered in the papers: factors affecting VET graduates' employability over time; technical and further education (TAFE) institutes as models of…