This booklet provides information about the changing work force. It offers a profile of workers aged 45 and older, as well as likely changes in the work force of the future. Tables and graphs illustrate the following: profile of Americans aged 50 and older, by employment status; employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age…

This report summarizes the presentations and discussions at a conference on contingent labor sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor. The first two sections are introductory: (1) "Introduction to the Role of Contingent Labor" (Kathleen Christensen, Mary Murphree); and (2) "Between Now and the Year 2000: A Glimpse of the Workplace" (Jill Houghton…

This fact sheet provides an array of statistical data on working mothers, such as the need for child care, the child care providers, who supports child care, and work and family. Data sources include a number of federal government and private organizations. Among the statistics highlighted are the following: (1) in 1988, 65 percent of all women…

The purpose of this report, based on testimony presented to the Council on the Economic Status of Women, is to explore the factors contributing to economic and psychological hardship for large numbers of women seeking employment in Minnesota. This report examines women's preparation and opportunities for employment and specifically addresses…

The current status of women employed in professional positions in educational institutions from preschool through the universities is reviewed to determine their relative employment status in comparison to men, and to identify discriminatory employment practices that have limited women's opportunities. Material for the study was gathered from a…

This publication presents the efforts and results of leading large employers to improve the health of mothers and children. Section 1 profiles the pioneering efforts and innovative practices of seven large employers and one business group: Haggar Clothing Co.; Honeywell Inc.; Los Angeles Department of Water and Power; Monfort, Inc.; First Chicago…

After remaining virtually unchanged from 1995 through the 1970s, the wage gap between women and men began to decline in the 1980s. By the early 1990s, the ratio of the annual earnings of women employed full time year-round to the annual earnings of their male counterparts reached 72.0%. That ratio decreased slightly (to 71.4%) in 1995. The wage…

Economic pressures, work force diversity, and advances in technology are changing the nature of work and organizational policy and management. A predicted decline in the annual growth in gross national product is expected to trigger a slowdown in the labor force, especially in occupations that employ workers with only a high school education.…

This report provides results from a survey of school districts headed by racial/ethnic minority and by women superintendents. The document contains three sections. Section 1, "Profiles of School Districts Headed by Women and Racial-Ethnic Minority Superintendents," outlines survey methods and identification of respondents. Characteristics of…

This chapter examines statutory and case law concerning sexual harassment in employment and education practices, recommends policies for prevention, and suggests strategies to resolve complaints. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the principal federal legislation granting protection from employment discrimination; it is enforced by the…

A study examined the barriers that Missouri women encounter when trying to gain access to better-paying jobs; trends in women's employment status in the state; and the services that women receive from the state's existing employment, training, and supportive services. A total of 2,104 women were contacted through a random statewide household…

To expand the use of women in nontraditional industrial careers, the U.S. Air Force examined the questions of recruiting, selecting, and training women for traditionally male blue collar work. An extensive review of the literature revealed that little empirical data on the effectiveness of various administrative policies had been collected. The…

Analyzes Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Annual Salary Survey data for 8-year period in terms of employment level and salaries of women and men. Historical trends in comparable worth, the current situation in academic libraries, and possible future trends are discussed. (CLB)

This text combines a case-study approach with significant theoretical development to challenge existing explanations of occupational segregation. Chapter 1 reviews issues raised by the conceptual status of "gender" in attempting to explain women's and men's employment experience and introduces the study that forms the core of the…

Relying on estimates of variance explained to assess the practical significance of research findings is now common practice. It is suggested that such estimates can offer an inaccurate picture, often underestimating the practical significance of statistically small effects. As an example, research on employment discrimination indicates that in…