Women's success in nontraditional blue collar jobs in the skilled trades or crafts appears to be tied to three separate but interrelated issues which are a function of differences in social background and shift in the structure of employment and economic opportunities for women, according to qualitative data gathered in in-depth interviews of more…

Traditional female status, roles, and aspirations and changes that have occurred in American society are traced. While women were barred from colleges and universities in the 1800's, they now account for more than 50 percent of college students. It is projected that by the year 2000, women will represent an even larger percentage of the college…

A two-year longitudinal study of 200 working women in California urban areas represents an effort to understand the processes by which specific interests and commitments to paid employment develop. Data from intensive personal interviews with women in traditional and nontraditional occupations should indicate factors which facilitate the entry of…

This monograph reviews hypotheses about the motivations of women who choose male-dominated professions. Chapter 1 considers theory and empirical evidence regarding the personality and socialization patterns of those women who have chosen male-dominated professions. Discussion focuses on two types of internal motivation--achievement needs and need…

A national study, including state-by-state breakouts, analyzed Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics data to explore the wage gap. Median weekly earnings of men and women and of minorities and nonminorities were analyzed. Gender-based earnings differences and gender wage gaps were large for all women--and especially large for minority…

In six articles presents research reflective of the diversity and commonalities of the Black female experience. Deals with educational, career, and psychological issues surrounding Black adolescents, working and professional women, college students, and employed mothers. Discusses militancy, fear of success, coping, nontraditional careers, and…

In an effort to pare labor and benefits costs, many businesses and government employers have significantly reduced the size of their permanent, full-time work forces in favor of a part-time work force and various types of contingent workers: independent contractors, temporary workers, on-call workers and day laborers, and leased workers.…

This paper presents an overview of the Equal Opportunities and Vocational Training program of the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP) from its inception in 1977 until 1990. In the first section, the report describes the legislation that spurred the equal opportunities and vocational training program and presents…

Women's status as students and employees in Alaska's community colleges is greatly influenced by the unique Alaskan environment, where women make up only 47.6% of the population and where the population is on the whole very young. Women comprised 58% of all enrolled students in Alaskan community colleges in fall 1982 and received 56% of the…

A study examined the ways in which cyclical changes in the business cycle affect unemployment rates by sex in male-dominated occupations and industries. Using data from the monthly reports on employment and earnings issued by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (1969-1982), the report examined employment rates in selected male-dominated and…

This 1980 report describes the present status of Alaskan women in the labor force. Extensive use is made of results of the 1976 Survey of Income and Education, an expanded version of the ongoing population survey conducted by the United States Bureau of Census. These topics are covered: demography of Alaskan women, race, age, families, labor force…

This report describes a demonstration project conducted by Wider Opportunities for Women in which women who had been found guilty of criminal offenses, child abuse, or child neglect were trained and placed in nontraditional jobs. The project was carried out from mid-summer, 1974, to spring, 1977, in the Washington, D.C., area. The report is…

This document, which was originally intended to complement a curriculum titled "Gender Equity in Education and the Workplace," is a compilation of the historical contributions made by women in trade and technical careers that may be used as a source of materials suitable for integration into existing trade and industrial education programs.…

Activities to develop proposed performance standards and measures for programs receiving funds authorized by the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act are described in this report. Two sections of the act are considered: Section 221 authorizes programs for single parents, displaced homemakers, and single pregnant women;…

Three papers focus on problems of women in higher education. The lead article by Janice Brandstrom presents a model plan to recruit and retain more women in non-traditional vocational programs, and to assist women in obtaining related employment after completion. It describes a five-phase Career Development Program including suggestions for…