Today all 50 states and Puerto Rico have laws relating to the employment of women; however, the standards established vary widely. This report examines employment legislation in regard to: (1) minimum wage, (2) overtime compensation, (3) hours of work, (4) equal pay, (5) fair employment practices, (6) industrial homework, (7) employment before and…

A study examined schooling, weekly and annual working hours, and hourly earnings of women organized into nine birth cohorts, 1920 to 1964. Many more women are working now than did 20 years ago. The gap between the work of married and unmarried women has narrowed. Schooling and wage differences have widened in recent cohorts. (SK)

The female-male earnings gap narrowed significantly between 1979 and 1987, reflecting increases in earnings per hour, rather than in hours worked. (Author)

Looks at the simultaneous labor force participation and hours of work decisions for Japanese wives, both employees and family workers. Although the estimated aggregate wage and income fluctuations for employees are somewhat higher than previous estimates for the United States, they are of the same order of magnitude. (JOW)

Updates a 1976 article explaining the stability of hours of work per week in the U.S. since World War II. It introduces a revised series of the ratio of female to male wages over time. In a reply to this article, Kniesner presents estimates which support his 1976 conclusions. (CT)

Wages and working conditions for private household workers have not kept pace with other occupations, partly because of lack of coverage by labor laws. This pamphlet describes the protection available to domestics under both federal and state laws. Not only wages and hours, but also coverage by Unemployment Compensation, Workmen's Compensation,…

This paper develops and estimates a model for the choice of part-time and full-time employment and the decision to pay for childcare among single mothers. The results indicate that a lower childcare price and a higher full-time wage rate both lead to an increase in overall employment and the use of paid childcare. The part-time wage effects are…

The average workweek of full-time workers declined by 35 percent between 1900 and 1940, but has not changed significnatly since then, and the secular rigidity of the full-time workweek remains. An expanded model which incorporates the effects of growth in education and in the female wage explains the post-1940 secular trend. (Editor/HD)

This booklet summarizes state labor laws of special interest to women and highlights trends evidenced in the past dozen years. Although focus is on state laws, information is provided on their federal counterparts to the extent needed to clarify the effect of the state enactments. The content covers minimum wage, premium pay for overtime, equal…

Payroll and progressive income taxes play an enormous role in the American fiscal system. The purpose of this study is to present some econometric evidence on the effects of taxes on married women, a group of growing importance in the American labor force. A testable model of labor supply is developed which permits statistical estimation of a…

During the second half of the 20th century, the U.S. economy experienced unprecedented levels of growth and expansion. Most notably, the United States shifted from an industrial, goods-producing economy to one dominated by service industries and, more recently, by the emerging knowledge-based field of information technology. The increase of these…

This study investigates "burn-out" and turnover among workers in child care settings. A total of 95 persons working in 32 child care centers in San Francisco were interviewed by telephone. One-fifth of the centers in the city were represented and both public and private centers were included. Each category of center was proportinately…

This study presents data from the 1979 Income Survey Development Program (ISDP) on lifetime work interruptions and examines the relationship between work interruptions and earnings. Descriptive data showing the extent to which men and women have experienced work interruptions are presented, followed by an analysis of the impact of work…

Trends in gender, jobs, and working conditions in the European Union (EU) were examined. In 2000, representative samples of approximately 1,500 workers in each of the EU member states (500 in Luxembourg) were surveyed. To identify trends, the survey findings were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 1991 and 1996. The comparison…

A representative survey of over 30,000 people aged 16-64 years across the 15 member states of the European Union and Norway sought Europeans' preferences for increasing or reducing the number of hours worked per week. Key finding included the following: (1) 51% preferred to work fewer hours in exchange for lower earnings while 12% preferred to…