The science and engineering (S&E) labor force helps to create and advance our scientific and technological knowledge, transform these advances into goods and services, and fuel America's economy, security, and quality of life. This report details several aspects of the U.S. S&E workforce, including growth, demographic makeup, earnings, and…

This dissertation is composed of three studies on Thai labor markets using a pseudo-panel data set: The first chapter estimates the rate of return to education in Thailand, while treating the endogeneity bias common to estimates from data on individuals. Pseudo-panel data are constructed from repeated cross sections of Labor Force Surveys…

After a long decline, the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of older men in the United States leveled off in the 1980s, and began to increase in the late 1990s. We examine how changes in Social Security rules affected these trends. We attribute only a small portion of the decline from the 1960s-80s to the increasing generosity of Social…

Education is thought to be the pathway to success for disadvantaged groups. Given that young women now match or surpass men's educational achievements on many measures, how do they fare in terms of equal earnings? Would further educational changes matter for closing any existing gap? Analyzing data from the National Educational Longitudinal…

Since 1979, the wage gap between women and men has narrowed significantly, falling by more than 10 percent overall. The closing of the wage gap has slowed considerably in the 1990's, however, with women's real wages (adjusted for inflation) stagnating in recent year and men's wages continuing to decline. The lack of growth in both women's and…

This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information on earnings is collected from one-fourth of the CPS sample each month. Users should note that the comparisons of…

Policy options for increasing the earnings of the young welfare recipients were explored by analyzing the incomes of nearly 12,000 young women in Baltimore, Maryland, whose 19th birthday fell between April 1, 1985, and March 31, 1989, and who had at least one spell of welfare dependency between their 19th and 29th birthdays. An analysis of the…

The size of the earnings gap between men and women has not changed substantially in recent years. The sustained earnings differential contrasts significantly with recent gains women have made in the job market. Several factors contribute to the wage differences: (1) The majority of women are in lower-paying occupations and lower-status jobs even…

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that women do not receive occupational rewards commensurate with their achievement, rewards that are allocated to equally qualified men. The analysis of discrimination is directed toward 3 problems: (1) to what extent are women denied occupational rewards that, according to achievement ideology, they…

This report contains 23 tables reporting the differences between men and women in lifetime labor force attachment, occupation, and earnings. The information was collected from a sample of approximately 20,000 households in May, June, July, and August 1984, as part of the Survey of Income Program Participation. The first part of this report…

Reports results of an approach using a multiple regression model to determine factors leading to larger male earnings and identifying potential discrimination with these factors, which included differences in the return to investment in human capital, rate of employment, type of employer, and return to experience. (TA)

This bulletin summarizes some current information on working women into 20 short statements. Some of the highlights are the following: (1) about 58 percent of all women aged 16 and older (58 million) were labor force participants in 1992; (2) labor force participation for women was highest among those in the 35-44 age group---77 percent, with 73…

A socioeconomic life cycle model consisting of six temporally-ordered stages is used to compare the impact of family background, educational achievement, early occupational achievement, and current family and work role variables on the 1966 earning achievement of a nationally representative sample of black and white married women, ages 30 to 44. A…

A supply mechanism is described whereby nondiscriminating employers are expected to pay lower wages to females than to equally qualified males. Procedures are proposed to estimate the portion of the unexplained male-female wage differential that arises because of family locational considerations. Single copies available from the Secretary, C.…

Payroll and progressive income taxes play an enormous role in the American fiscal system. The purpose of this study is to present some econometric evidence on the effects of taxes on married women, a group of growing importance in the American labor force. A testable model of labor supply is developed which permits statistical estimation of a…