The earnings gap is the difference between the percentage ratio of women's earnings to those of men and 100 percent. In 1988, the earnings gap for hourly earnings was 26 percent; for weekly earnings, 30 percent; and for annual earnings, 34 percent. Although the direction over the past decade is toward greater equality, the pace is extremely slow.…

Differences in levels and determinants of earnings for men and women college graduates are examined. Perspectives from human capital theory, research on the socioeconomic achievement process, and research on segmented labor markets are used to design models of the determination of earnings. Data are taken from the National Opinion Research Center…

This report contains 23 tables reporting the differences between men and women in lifetime labor force attachment, occupation, and earnings. The information was collected from a sample of approximately 20,000 households in May, June, July, and August 1984, as part of the Survey of Income Program Participation. The first part of this report…

Despite the magnitude of changes in both female labor force participation and labor force attachment, research suggests that young women continue to make inappropriate decisions regarding investment in human capital, that is, education and work experience, given their probable work status later in life. (CT)

Examines the history of comparable worth, the questions it raises (such as sex discrimination), and the solutions being proposed. These solutions include involving unions in raising pay levels of certain jobs, changing the attitudes of management towards women and "women's work," and broadening women's career outlooks. (CT)

Although the gap between women's and men's wages differs slightly depending on how the gap is measured, no matter how they are measured, women's earnings are below those received by men in 97% of the occupations for which data are available. Since 1979, women's earnings have been climbing when compared with men's earnings, gaining steeply during…

This volume includes revised presentations and commentaries from a workship to review evidence for various theoretical explanations for occupational segregation and to report empirical research to enlarge understanding of the topic. An introduction summarizes contents. In part I five chapters on the extent of and trends in segregation document a…

Although government social and economic policy, where women and minorities are concerned, is largely focused on income and earnings, specific types of data on the occupational affiliation of women would be useful for research. It is necessary to have a theoretical frame of reference in order to ask the right questions about women's occupational…

This book contains 13 papers on labor market and welfare reform, with special emphasis on the demand for low-wage workers, wages and job characteristics in the less skilled labor market, public politics to increase employment and earnings of less skilled workers, and the impact of welfare reform. The following papers are included: "The Labor…

These Congressional hearings contain testimony pertaining to the passage of women's career choice equity legislation. The hearings were convened to determine whether federal law, either directly or indirectly, regulates economic opportunities for women in such a way as to alter their career choice between paid employment and homemaking. During the…

This workbook is one component of the Career Survival Kit prepared for teenage parents in Wisconsin. The workbook helps students identify their skills and interests, choose an occupation, plan for a career, and discuss issues of concern to them as parents. The workbook emphasizes the need to plan for the future. Activities explore the concepts of…

During fiscal year 1998, 7 of Ohio's 12 school-to-work regions conducted a needs assessment on equity issues within their regions. The survey instruments were completed by 6,173 students in grades 9-12 (3,316 girls and 2,857 boys). The survey focused on the economics of gender and work, nontraditional careers, and gender and career choices. Only…

Attempts to explain sex-related wage differentials generally rely on the human capital and segmentation labor market theories. The human capital theory explains individuals' position in the labor market primarily in terms of factors determining their productivity, whereas segmentation theory focuses on differences among jobs as determinants of the…

This manual is designed for persons who are responsible for implementing career-mentoring programs, especially for middle and junior high school girls, emphasizing nontraditional, high-wage occupations. Such a program is recommended by the School-to-Work Opportunities Act as a connecting activity. The manual is organized in two sections plus…

Utilizing the National Longitudinal Surveys of 5,159 young women aged fourteen to twenty-four from 1968 to 1973, the study reports on the educational, labor market, and family experiences of young women. The content is in seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes the data base and presents an overview of changes in the women's life patterns over the…