Traditional Japanese values discourage women from working outside the home. This research describes and compares Japanese men's and women's beliefs regarding employment of women. Questionnaires were distributed to approximately 900 Japanese men and women, and t-tests were used to test for differences between the men's and women's groups. Results…

The newly-emerging phenomenon of dual-career marriages was investigated using four major life roles--Professional, Spouse, Parent, and Self as Self-Actualized Person. Six scales were constructed to measure potential conflict in areas represented by specific pairs of these roles (e.g., the area of Professional versus Parent). One major purpose of…

Women and men tend to be defined by their marital and parental status; thus, these factors may be crucial in understanding societal attitudes toward working men and women. The influence of marital and parental status on perceived job performance was investigated with a college undergraduate sample (N=128). From paragraph descriptions that varied…

Sex differences in absence from work were investigated for parents and non-parents during a period of eleven months. The four categories investigated were forty-nine women and forty-seven men with children and forty-seven women and forty-seven men without children. No significant sex differences in sick leave were revealed by official personnel…

Investigates whether women in dual-earner families maintain full responsibility for domestic tasks. Based on data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Work Experience (NLS data), the findings indicated substantial variability as well as some decrease in the extent of home responsibilities. The major correlates are race, residence, and income.…

This study examined the attitudes of male and female college students regarding maternal employment and their own career and family expectations. Perceptions of the benefits and costs associated with maternal employment were assessed through the Beliefs about the Consequences of Maternal Employment for Children (BACMEC) questionnaire (E.…

Recent Census Bureau statistics indicate that the two-paycheck family is now the norm, even among families with young children. This study examined the effects during their childhood on their own career and family expectations of college students' (N=170) mothers' employment status. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of maternal…

Two contrasting predictions regarding the effects of dual- versus single-career marriage on children's sex-role identification were tested: (1) the relative lack of sex-role differentiation in dual-career marriages should promote relatively androgynous sex-role identification in children from such families; and (2) the presence of two…

Shows that the mother's being employed and the social status of her job were unrelated to preschool children's sex role differentiation. Reports significant main effects for child's sex and for the relation between sex of child and sex of siblings. (Author/RL)

Research on the relationship between maternal employment and academic orientations of school-aged children is critically reviewed, and avenues for future research are suggested. Most data reviewed are based on white, intact families. Patterns of academic orientation were found to differ by sex and, particularly for sons, by social class. Daughters…

Women and men medical students' (N=192) intended commitments to profession and family were explored at three times during their training. Over time all students' intended hours in profession increased and hours in family decreased. Global-level measures suggested change in division of domestic labor among women and men, but specific-level measures…

Discusses the findings of studies of how parents' work experiences affect children, pointing out methodological problems as well as areas for further research and emphasizing the need for a shift from studies of parents' work status per se to investigations of coping strategies in a time of dual-earner families. (RH)

Among 745 physicians graduated from the University of Calgary (Canada) women were more likely to take parental leave, but gender differences in breaks taken for other reasons were less. Women worked fewer hours in direct patient care. Female parents under 35 spent fewer hours on patient care than all male parents. (Author/MSE)

Examines perceptions of 100 female and 109 male college students concerning different patterns of maternal employment and child rearing. A continuously employed mother was seen as less communal and was less positively evaluated than a mother who interrupted employment or a nonemployed mother. Discussion focuses on social role theory. (SLD)

Intergenerational attitudes toward child care were examined among college-age students and their parents through the use of questionnaires, the Beliefs About the Consequences of Maternal Employment Scale (BACMEC), and the Bias in Attitudes toward Women Scale (BIAS). Findings indicated that traditional attitudes were more prevalent in males of both…