Results suggest that audio recordings may be superior to video tapes alone or audiovideo tapes alone. Further research on different communication media for rating counselor behavior is suggested. (Author)

Examined effects of neurolinguistic mirroring versus nonmirroring of selected nonverbal behaviors on empathy, trustworthiness, and positive interaction in cross-cultural setting among 60 Choctaw adolescents and Caucasian female counselors. Results indicated significant mirroring effects on the empathy scale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship…

Counseling is a dyadic interaction between client and counselor, in which their cognitive processes influence how they interact and communicate. To investigate the effect that a match of cognitive complexity between counselor and client has upon the counselor's empathy, 9 counselors and 27 clients participated in a study. After 7 weeks of…

Previous research has shown that counselor warmth, empathy, and genuineness facilitate client growth. One explanation suggests that these qualities facilitate client discharge of emotion. Another explanation emphasizes the sense of understanding and sharing with the counselor. The current study has Ss self-disclose on a mild personal problem to a…

Functioning level of 25 counselor trainees was assessed by clients responding to the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, by judges using Carkhuff rating scales, and by counselor responses to a criterion instrument, Human Empathic Listening Test. The subparts and total scores were correlated to examine the relationship among the three measuring…

The results indicate that (a) the more complex counselors expressed a significantly higher level of empathy, and (b) the level of empathy manifested is conditioned by a significant interaction effect between type of counselor and client. (Author)

Summarizes both the professional counseling literature and an investigation conducted by the author which examined the relationship between race and the level of understanding between counselor and client, finding that race is related to counselor understanding. (Author/JM)

Student perception appears able to discriminate between high" and moderate to low" levels of core conditions, but unable to do so between moderate" and low", suggesting that analyzing overall core conditions in an interview setting may not be meaningful. (CJ)

Students in a 12-week facilitative skills development course completed a measure of moral development before and after training and were rated for empathic understanding of client statements on an analog videotape and a counseling audiotape. Empathy ratings on the videotape and audiotape correlated significantly with moral development scores,…

Subjects' attraction to the counselor, self-reported and physiological anxiety, and susceptibility to persuasion were compared using two types of counseling analogues, quasi-counseling and vicarious-participation. Participants in the quasi-counseling analogue were significantly more attracted to the counselor than were vicarious-participation…

Analyzed effects of race and socioeconomic status on perception of counseling process variables, including judged counselor empathy, judged counselor-client cognitive similarity, and attraction. Raters (N=24) gave highest counselor empathy ratings, client-counselor attraction and cognitive similarity ratings, and client improvement ratings when…

Empathic responses of 27 graduate and undergraduate counseling students with high and low moral development were compared. Both groups responded more empathically to a client whose moral development was lower than their own, suggesting that counselor empathy is related to both the counselor's and the client's level of moral development. (Author/TE)

Determined the relationship between counseling systems stages and counselor effectiveness as measured by Carkhuff's accurate empathy scale. Students (N=97) were rated for stage of conceptual functioning. Counseling interviews were rated for level of empathic responding. Results indicated markedly significant differences between and among…

A study of graduate students examined the relationship between ability to empathize and the personality traits of feminine expressiveness and masculine instrumentality. Results showed that counselor trainees with a high degree of expressive personality traits were more likely to be empathetic. Instrumental traits appeared unrelated to empathy.…

Smokers (N=117) were presented with descriptions of a smoking control program and a smoking counselor, and were then asked to rate program and counselor effectiveness and counselor empathy. The descriptions varied along three dimensions. Counselor smoking status yielded highly significant main effects on all three dependent measures. (Author)