Distinguishes between educational reform and educational innovation, classifies (with examples) types of educational reform, and reviews literature on educational reform. Presents a research-oriented proposal for classifying educational reforms in terms of the objectives of reform and the processes by which reform is conceived, formulated, and…

Suggests that educational reform at the local level is often not implemented because of inadequate communication between politicians, planners, bureaucrats, and educators. Concludes that planners need to specify details of implementation, particularly the human dimension of that task and that senior bureaucrats must be brokers rather than…

Explores reasons why educational planning has become of paramount importance to developing and developed nations within the last several decades. Presents an overview of academic v practical approaches to educational planning, relates educational planning to economic growth, compares rationales, and identifies future challenges. (DB)

The educational planner will always find himself or herself face to face with a conflict of interest from which the plans and ultimate decisions will eventually emerge. Lessons learned by an educational planner involved in long-term planning with the Ministry of Education in Hungary are discussed. (RM)

Discusses regional cooperation in education in Europe. Problems include that European nations are intensely nationalistic and differ a great deal in languages, values, and educational objectives. Conditions favoring cooperation include that Europe is committed to increasing international understanding and peace through nongovernmental…

Discusses the pedagogical functions of bilingual education in Africa and outlines a tentative classification of African states according to the respective situations of the linguistic communities living in them. (Author/DB)

A conceptual framework that will increase understanding of the link between educational planning and implementation is presented. The framework is based on three basic components: (1) identifying the problems to be solved, (2) making decisions in choosing among alternative actions, and (3) communicating change inherent in the educational plan. (RM)

Development and environment are two interconnected concepts and solutions to the problems of both can be found through "ecodevelopment." Inherent in this planning approach is an effort to meet the basic needs of a community while establishing true symbiosis between man and the planet. Educational effort at every level is necessary to make this…

Examines the role of planning in the process of legitimating educational policy decisions. Review of the history of educational planning indicates how closely its origins and development have been linked with considerations of economic development. Suggests that planners probe further into the political economy of education as a basis for a…

Examines the relationship between education and development in Latin America. Describes a series of studies which will be undertaken involving case studies from various Latin American countries, analysis of rural education problems, labor market influence, and processes of formulating and implementing educational policies. (Author/DB)

Examines theoretical components of educational planning in Latin America. The purpose of the article is to provide insight into current Latin American educational problems by identifying patterns in educational policy formation. (Author/DB)

Reviews literature related to nonformal education in developing nations and identifies two major trends: (1) national educational strategies vary significantly among nations; and (2) socio-political constraints inhibit meaningful educational reform. (Author/DB)

Describes plans to create an educational system in Hungary which will integrate scientific research, cultural values, and socialist ideals. A history is presented of educational plans drawn up pursuant to the 1970 National Long-Range Scientific and Research Plan. (Author/DB)

The author argues that educational planning endeavors, especially in developing countries, must be accompanied by social and economic development in order to have significant long-term effects. (AV)

This study identified pedagogical principles of African traditional education and then tested for their use today in schools located in rural villages of the Ivory Coast. Results showed that the 10 major principles identified are employed today in teaching and learning in that country. (RM)