Focuses on pupil behavior as a tool for examining Finnish primary, elementary, and secondary schools beyond the earning of credentials. Concludes that the basis of educational reform has often came as much from schools changing reforms than the reverse. Notes that using pupil behavior as an examination tool will continue. (KDR)

Discussed the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust and its role in the educational settlement movement. Discusses the Rowntree family's understanding of the relationship between education and democracy. Concludes later descendants veered from funding the settlement endeavors due to lack of funds and interest. Believes this diminished the ideals of…

Examines teachers' perceptions of evacuation that prevailed at the outbreak of World War II. Focuses on the teachers' press, central government policy documents, and contemporary evacuation surveys. Explores four issues impinging upon the teachers' role related to the national identity. (CMK)

Compares the development of conservation education in North America and Britain. Reports that the focus of British conservation education was on preserving the countryside, while the United States focused on protecting natural resources. Finds that a major difference was that the label of 'conservation education' did not appear in Britain. (CMK)

Discusses the changing role of religion studies in British education as a result of the National Curriculum. Maintains that the interdisciplinary curriculum development has been politicized by the government and the Church of England. (CFR)