The role of teachers in education is widely acknowledged in educational studies that routinely find that quality of teaching is fundamental to student success. Accordingly, this study set out to examine and describe the professional development of teachers in countries where students perform better in the PISA assessment, namely, Finland, Estonia,…

Two charts show school type, course length, and qualifications for admission in terms of age and previous education. The 10 school or course types are kindergarten, elementary school, lower secondary school, upper secondary school, special schools for the handicapped, technical college, junior college, university, special training schools, and…

A discussion is presented on the education of Japanese teachers, their roles in the schools, and proposed reforms in their education. In describing the pre-World War II background of teacher education in Japan, three ideological forces are discussed: Western thought that impacted upon early Meiji reforms, Confucianism, and nationalism. Western…