This study explored practices that Canadian soil scientists use to educate postsecondary students, K-12 students, and the general public. The most commonly used type of educational activities described by survey respondents, regardless of the settings and the type of target audience, were field-based hands-on activities. The other two commonly…

This paper: (1) reviews the goals and directions of United States marine education; (2) reports the findings of three surveys which were designed to provide a perspective on current Canadian efforts in marine education; and (3) presents a set of proposed goals and future directions for marine education in Canada. Federal agencies with a…

One-hundred and forty-seven listings of reports, books, and periodicals comprise this bibliography of available works on nonformal educational programs in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Europe, the U.S.S.R., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and island areas. This is a limited selection of materials since many of the programs have…

This book provides an overview of the history of Native residential schools in Canada as one facet of the more general history of relations between that country's indigenous and immigrant peoples. It surveys the origins and evolution of residential schooling from the first forays in early 17th-century New France, through the colonial period, to…

This report summarizes what was learned from a series of studies on nonformal education (NFE) conducted in the last half of the 1980s by the International Institute for Educational Planning and draws lessons from these studies for planning and policy making. Source material includes four national case studies in Argentina, Canada, Hungary, and the…

Off-campus education is an experiential method of learning that integrates a student's classroom studies with on-the-job experiences obtained at an employing organization. Off-campus education programs are based on a partnership among the school, the parents, the student, and the employing organization, with each of the partners sharing the…

This paper examines communications and information technologies and the ways in which they have been used in both the formal and the nonformal education of Canada's native people (four groups: status Indians, non-status Indians, Metis, and Inuits). It is noted that generalizations about the use of technology in native schools is difficult because…

This book documents and comments on what is known about the Indian residential school era in Canada. The aftermath of this era has exacted a huge toll, both in the human suffering of First Nations and on Canadian society in general, but understanding the impact of residential schools can aid the healing process. Chapters are: (1) "Examining…

Summarizes elements of bush-oriented Algonquin technology and ideology with regard to relationships of learning to material culture, games, child rearing practices, and legends. Discusses influences of "traditional" educational methods on Native informal learning structures, using aspects of Bandura's social cognitive theory. Contains 22…

This book is an appeal to First Nations leaders in Canada to promote educational integration--a mixing of ideas in which non-Aboriginal people are taught those elements of Native culture and philosophy that support a reverence for the Earth and all living things. The benefits of such an undertaking cannot be overemphasized since the very existence…

This paper examines current usage, educational initiatives, and future prospects for survival of three Canadian Aboriginal languages--Odawa (frequently called Ojibwe), Mohawk, and Inuktitut. The presentation centers around the direct insider stories of Mohawk and Odawa coauthors, with comparative commentary by an outsider with long-term experience…

This book is based on an 11-day international gathering of Indigenous Elders and educators in 1998. The readings are organized within four areas of Indigenous education and culture: worldview, curriculum change, governance and policies, and spiritual reflections. The entries are: "Circular Vision: Through Native Eyes" (Marie…

Brief descriptions of 92 Indian education projects in British Columbia K-12 schools (provincial, federal, private, and parochial) are based on survey responses. The preschool, elementary, secondary, adult basic education, and home coordinating programs for Indian students concentrate on such special areas as language and/or academic skills…