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Hasbrouck, Jan; Tindal, Gerald – Online Submission, 2017
This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum--based measure of oral reading fluency (ORF) and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Norms for ORF can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students' progress once instruction has…
Descriptors: Curriculum Based Assessment, Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Test Norms
Hasbrouck, Jan; Tindal, Gerald – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2017
This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum-based measure of oral reading fluency (ORF) and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Norms for ORF can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students' progress once instruction has…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Curriculum Based Assessment, Emergent Literacy
Tindal, Gerald; Nese, Joseph F. T.; Stevens, Joseph J.; Alonzo, Julie – Remedial and Special Education, 2016
For 30 years, researchers have investigated oral reading fluency as a measure of growth in reading proficiency. Yet, little research has been done with these measures in the context of progress monitoring in Tier 2 systems. First, we document teachers' progress-monitoring decisions on type of passage (on-grade or off-grade) and how often to…
Descriptors: Reading Fluency, Oral Reading, Reading Skills, Measures (Individuals)
Tindal, Gerald; Nese, Joseph F. T. – National Center on Assessment and Accountability for Special Education, 2013
For the past 20 years, the growth of students' oral reading fluency has been investigated by a number of researchers using curriculum-based measurement. These researchers have used varied methods (student samples, measurement procedures, and analytical techniques) and yet have converged on a relatively consistent finding: General education…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Reading Achievement, Special Education
Nese, Joseph F. T.; Biancarosa, Gina; Anderson, Daniel; Lai, Cheng-Fei; Alonzo, Julie; Tindal, Gerald – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2012
This study examined the type of growth model that best fit within-year growth in oral reading fluency and between-student differences in growth. Participants were 2,465 students in grades 3-5. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses modeled curriculum-based measurement (CBM) oral reading fluency benchmark measures in fall, winter, and spring…
Descriptors: Curriculum Based Assessment, Reading Fluency, Grade 3, Student Characteristics

Crawford, Lindy; Tindal, Gerald; Stieber, Steve – Educational Assessment, 2001
Used a curriculum-based measurement (CBM) of reading aloud from narrative passages to predict performance on statewide achievement tests in reading and mathematics. Results for 51 students (third graders in the second year of the study) provide initial support for the use of timed oral readings to predict students' performance on statewide…
Descriptors: Achievement, Curriculum, Elementary School Students, Oral Reading
Crawford, Lindy; Tindal, Gerald – Exceptionality, 2004
Researchers investigated the effects of a read-aloud modification on students' performance on a reading comprehension test. A total of 338 students in Grades 4 and 5 participated; 76 of these students (22%) received special education services, the majority of whom were labeled learning disabled. Students completed a standardized reading…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Special Education, Reading Tests, Listening Comprehension
Hasbrouck, Jan; Tindal, Gerald – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2005
Data are presented from a number of different sites in which oral reading fluency was measured using the procedures commonly ascribed to curriculum-based measurement (CBM). This measurement system focuses on automaticity in reading and therefore students are directed to read aloud from grade level passages for one minute, with words read correctly…
Descriptors: Curriculum Based Assessment, Reading Fluency, Oral Reading, Reading Aloud to Others
Alonzo, Julie; Tindal, Gerald – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2004
The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 has increased the role of assessment in K-12 education. Designed to ensure that all students meet high academic standards, the law currently requires states receiving Title I funds to test all children annually in reading and math in grades 3 through 8 and report student performance disaggregated by poverty,…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Reading Fluency, Reading Achievement, Grade 4
Alonzo, Julie; Tindal, Gerald – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2004
This technical report provides data on the extent to which progress monitoring measures explain reading achievement. The four progress monitoring measures discussed are: letter sounding, phonemic segmentation, oral reading fluency, and comprehension given in either oral or written form. These measures were administered to first grade students in…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Reading Fluency, Phonemics