This book introduces the Cycle of Responsibility (COR) model--the next step in the evolution of the Gradual Release of Responsibility model, which has been a conceptual mainstay of literacy education for decades. This new model shifts the current linear model to a cyclical process of multifaceted interactions that better reflect the complexities…

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the overall effects of automaticity training of fundamental literacy component skills (i.e., letter names/sounds, individual words) on reading fluency and comprehension. Another purpose was to assess if the effects of automaticity training varied for reading fluency and comprehension. We identified…

This is a practical article for teachers in the primary grades and for other teachers and reading specialists whose students experience difficulty responding automatically to high-frequency words. In this article, we will begin by providing some helpful information about vocabulary and high-frequency words in particular. You will learn why…

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the delegation of financial authority to public primary schools through Parent-Teacher Councils (PTCs) on learning outcomes of primary school children in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. The learning outcomes were measured in three subject areas (Urdu, English, and Mathematics).…

Presents terms used in the elementary classroom for language arts, history, and social science. Explains that knowledge of word roots, prefixes, and suffixes can help students to understand new social studies terms. Includes a list of primary word parts, intermediate word parts, and lesson ideas. Notes those ideas suitable for a sheltered lesson.…

Discusses word attack and comprehension skills and provides a list of word analogies. (RB)

Discusses why word families should be taught. Argues that the timing of such instruction is critical and that teachers can use children's invented spelling to determine what they already know and what they are ready to learn. Offers a developmental perspective to guide teachers in the planning and pacing of word-family instruction. (SR)

Intended for students' use in several different ways to help with spelling and writing, this booklet has seven sections: (1) How to Use This Book to Help with Spelling and Writing; (2) Alphabetical Section (a 22-page section that lists the words students are most likely to use in their writing); (3) Place Names and Special Names; (4) Essential…

Suggests lessons based on categorizing and several learning modalities to expand students' vocabulary. (MKM)

In three experiments on auditory free recall of words, involving 10 learning disabled (LD) and 10 nondisabled (ND) elementary students, the ND recalled more low and high cognitive effort words than LD students. Supports the hypothesis that ND and LD readers differ in processing capacity; however, cognitive effort improves results. (Authors)

Some games for developing children's reading skills are described. (JD)

Suggestions for enriching reading programs are divided into six categories in this booklet. Part 1, describing syllable work, recommends using syllable strips (rather than ordinary jigsaw puzzles), word groups, and student teams to work with unscrambling syllables. Part 2 suggests an activity for working with double consonant words, for example,…

Suggests seven classroom activities that might be useful in teaching word blends or portmanteau words. (DD)