The criteria that elementary school teachers use to guide their decisions concerning content, sequence, and instructional strategy in geography and their frames of reference toward geography were examined through interviews and classroom observations. Research indicates that the teacher determines the curriculum that the students actually…

This is an instructional unit in cultural geography for the primary grades. The major objective of the unit, which is comprised of a Pupil Text/Workbook and Teacher Manual, is to develop the geographic concepts labeled resource and production. Teaching strategies used include the Pestalozzian method of asking leading questions to draw the students…

Provides a sequential set of instructions for creating a large playground map. Discusses the educational benefits of such a map, and suggests activities for using the map effectively. Stresses the usefulness of maps in teaching place identification, spatial patterns, and directional orientation. (RW)

Presents an interdisciplinary approach combining geography and children's literature to teach about Japanese culture. Describes classroom activities that link the Five Fundamental Themes of Geography to literature and art. Includes 11 figures, 9 summaries of children's books about Japan, and a 15-item annotated bibliography. (CFR)

Describes a lesson plan that uses Main Street images of three towns to encourage students to recognize and compare human and physical characteristics of places. The lesson teaches the geographic concepts of site (absolute location) and situation (relative location) as well as introducing students to urban geography. (MJP)

Literature based reading can be used as a means of introducing and reinforcing geographic concepts. Every story has a setting. The setting is the time and place. Setting is representative of the five fundamental themes of geography. Teachers can integrate geographic skills in order to enhance the student understanding of the text. Geographic…

Prepared as a basic reference for in-service programs designed to improve geography instruction at the elementary and secondary levels, the Handbook gives one concise summary of the discipline for curriculum directors, social studies supervisors, and education faculty members in colleges and universities. The stated basic need in geography…

This experimental unit consists of developmental activities for grades 1-3 to help children become more aware of their environs. The three main areas of emphasis are: distance, direction, and symbols. The specific goals in each of these areas are: 1) Distance--to measure, compute distances and finally understand simple scales; 2) Direction--to…

This educational research project is designed to assess an elementary student's quality of reasoning in relation to map skills and to determine spatial concept abilities. 21 activities are designed to test sense of proportion, scale, dimension, accurate relationship, and abstract thinking. The related topographical map, a Map-Study Scoring Key,…

Three papers prepared for the Greyston Conference held at Columbia University October 18-20, 1964 and one paper resulting from conference discussions and inquiries by geographer-participants focus upon current research needs and opportunities for improvement in geographic education for elementary grades (ages 6-12). The four titles under which…

Describes an educational game that is designed to review and reinforce elementary map and compass skills and help children to use maps to plot routes to specific locations in urban areas. The game is based on a tag procedure and can be used with almost any large-scale street map. (MJP)

Maintains that Venezuela has many U.S. ties because of its relative proximity and economic significance. Asserts that the Five Themes of Geography can be used to design effective classroom lessons about Venezuela. Presents five activities that include student objectives, necessary materials, and step-by-step instructional procedures. (CFR)

This monograph examines issues and problems involved in teaching geography concepts to visually and hearing impaired elementary school children. Some solutions are offered by providing a teaching unit for classroom use. The unit is designed to integrate and build upon the experiences and knowledge of all students in the class. The volume includes:…

This paper reports on an action research project focusing on curricular interventions for improving geographic knowledge and application skills in elementary students. The targeted population consists of third- and fourth-grade students in a middle-class community in southwest suburban Chicago. The deficiency of geographic literacy was documented…

Techniques for encouraging young children to discover the purpose and use of maps are discussed. Motor activity and topological studies form a base from which the teacher and children can build a mapping program of progressive sophistication. Concepts important to mapping include boundaries, regions, exteriors, interiors, holes, order, point of…