To reduce playground accidents, schools should (1) audit their playgrounds for compliance with current safety guidelines; (2) employ a risk manager; (3) develop a safety curriculum; and (4) put more emphasis on teaching basic movement competence to students. (MLF)

This article suggests that the surest solution to gender-role stereotyping in physical education is the development of an androgynous curriculum framework. Implications for long-term personality development and career decision making are discussed. (IAH)

Presents activities that physical educators can use to help young students who are still learning basic ball control skills. Students use a pinky ball (a small, low-bounce rubber ball) to stay on task while improving ball control skills. Games include seven-up, errors, box ball, and hit the coin. (SM)

An academician and a physical education teacher present a guide for controlling elementary students. They identify the need for established structure in the gymnasium and offer exercises to achieve it, noting the key is planning and practicing of rules, behaviors, and procedures with active monitoring and early teacher intervention. (SM)

Asserts that movement and physical activity are essential for intellectual growth of Montessori students. Outlines important concepts and procedures for developing a physical education program. Advocates "Fit for Life" approach, involving daily aerobic activities and muscular development routines. Describes how one teacher prepared his…

Adapted physical education (APE) makes whatever adjustments are needed to allow students with disabilities to participate in regular physical education classes. APE at Beaverton School District (Oregon) is described, as well as the individualized special physical education classes provided to children with severe disabilities. (SV)

Study aim: To evaluate verbal and non-verbal behaviour of teachers and pupils in elementary swimming education and their impact on pupils' achievements. Material and methods: A total of 77 swimming lessons were videorecorded and coded with the modified Cheffers' Adaptation of Flanders Interaction Analysis System (CAFIAS); 46 PE teachers, swimming…

Physical educators compared the effectiveness of peer, teacher, and video feedback during elementary students' skill development units. Groups of students received one of the types of feedback. Pretesting and posttesting indicated that teacher-directed feedback was best for younger students and video feedback with teacher cueing was best for older…

While most child development experts acknowledge there is no universally agreed upon definition of children's play, there is general agreement that a lack of play, commonly known as "play deprivation" in play theories and research, can greatly stifle the child's normal healthy development. Therefore, the need for daily play experiences and daily…

Cooperation--between elementary physical education (PE) specialists, classroom teachers, students, and others involved in elementary PE--is the theme of this nine-article feature. Topics include professional recognition for PE, integration of PE into the elementary curriculum, PE and classroom teacher research, field day activities, and…

Educators and researchers interested in responding to the demands of politicians and citizens to improve the American educational system have responded with the creation of national and, often, state standards across subject areas. Physical education teachers and researchers who recognize the importance of physical education, and as part of an…

Rope skipping contributes to the development of agility, coordination, rhythm, and endurance. It is practical and fun for both sexes. A high degree of motor ability, excellent timing, precision of movement, cooperation, perseverance, and concentration are required. This guide describes rope skipping variations and games, including chants and songs…

This document is directed to physical education teachers who teach movement education in elementary and secondary schools. Its purpose is to define movement, discuss its place in the education program and the educational life of the school, and provide guidance in the presentation, subsequent development, and progression of movement education for…

This manual has two purposes: a) to provide the certification requirements for elementary and secondary school physical education teachers in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico and b) to set forth the laws and regulations affecting physical education in each of the States. In section 1, the general requirements for teacher…

In 1952 the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation (AAHPER) recommended that interschool competition be disapproved for children below the ninth grade; recent AAHPER surveys, however, indicate that highly organized athletic competition exists for today's elementary youth. Although no studies have been made on the…