The effect of the implementation of student response systems (SRSs) in teaching on the critical thinking (CT) of young students was investigated. The study benefited from a quasi-experimental design and a pretest/posttest set-up. Subjects consisted of 156 K-8 students in Tehran during 2016-2017, selected through a multistage cluster sampling, and…

Experiments were conducted to explore the operation of retrieval processes in elementary age children's active rehearsal strategies. Using free-recall tasks, subjects were given instructions in active rehearsal as well as supports that might facilitate retrieval operation. Findings suggested that retrieval per se was not necessary for beneficial…

A random sample of all sixth-grade students enrolled in a large urban school district completed the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills. The correspondence of test vectors measured by the test was analyzed. Results suggest that the ITBS does not measure exactly the same constructs across student ethnic groups. (Author)

Reports on an experiment designed to monitor the effects of behavioral modification upon the frequency of positive self-referent verbal statements and overt behaviors considered to be related to global self-esteem among 14 maladjusted boys aged 10 to 12. Results showed significant gains for the experimental group which received modelling,…

Examines the hypothesis that poor readers will have much greater difficulty in recalling abstract words than will normal readers but will closely approximate normal readers in recalling concrete words. The hypothesis was confirmed at the second-grade level but not at the sixth-grade level. (Author/CB)

A survey of 235 5th and 6th grade children and their mothers gathered data to compare children's perception of television violence with that of their mother. (JY)

This paper examines sex differences in the exclusiveness of children's dyadic friendships by comparing differences in the choice or nonchoice by dyad members of a third person at a given point in time as well as change in these triadic choices over time. (Author)

Compares a spelling program to a traditional basal spelling program. Results obtained from 16 intermediate grade students indicate that students' weekly test scores significantly increased during the experimental spelling program. Outlines benefits to students, as well as the difficulties of implementing the program. (RJM)

A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between 38 teachers' perceptions of students' oral communication apprehension, and 776 fourth, fifth, and sixth grade students' self-reports of communication apprehension. The teachers listed the four most apprehensive and the four least apprehensive students in their classrooms, then…

Using a series of alternating sort/recall trials, this study explored whether elementary school children's experience with categorically related items would facilitate their subsequent organization and recall of low-associated items. (Author/DR)

Third and sixth graders were presented a story on television or radio and were then given a version of Torrance's "Just Suppose" test of divergent thinking. Results indicated that--in terms of ideational fluency, flexibility, and originality--the two media did not have a differential effect on children's creativity. (PD)

Reports seven studies of the acquisition of knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction and suggests some conclusions about the course of conceptual development in this area from early childhood (3 years) to adulthood. (Author/NH)

Examines the relationship among seven dimensions of self-concept and achievement in 563 African American fourth, fifth, and sixth graders. Especially concerned with relative predictability of the self-concept scales. After controlling for socioeconomic status, social self-concept accounted for a significant amount of variability in achievement…

Although research has shown that children tend to designate traditional sex-role areas when asked what they would like to be and that girls nominate a narrower range of vocations than do boys, more recent findings suggest that children of both sexes nominate equal numbers of vocations. Older girls, unlike boys, also choose nontraditional…

Examined connections between culture and problem behaviors among 119 African American fifth and sixth graders. Results indicate that youth endorsed the Afrocultural orientation of spirituality and the Anglocultural orientation of effort optimism most highly. The Anglocultural orientation of person/object relations and the marginalized orientations…