In this study, we applied the technique of piecewise linear regression to a total of 144 schools with the third to fifth grades, aimed to search for a turning point at each grade level in terms of the effects of school renewal on school reading and mathematics achievement. We did find a turning point for each school subject at each grade level,…

This study presents the results of an analysis of Croatian Language and Natural Sciences textbooks used in the fourth and sixth grade of primary education in Croatia. Textbooks are therein seen as core educational materials, influencing teacher practices--specifically, the reading comprehension instruction. Five textbooks were coded for text type,…

The study investigated how the school management team of a primary school in Gauteng supported parents to ensure academic success during COVID-19. Therefore, the study explored the perspectives of parents on their experiences and challenges that they had to support learning at home during the COVID-19 lockdown. This study used a quantitative…

Purpose: To describe the patterns of negotiation engaged in by preservice classroom teachers (PCTs) and their students during a physical education early field experience. Method: The participants were 16 PCTs enrolled in the early field experience. They taught a variety of content within six lessons to second- and fourth-grade students. Data were…

The concept of intercultural education should be aimed at better understanding of ourselves and others, discovering similarities and differences, recognizing preconceptions, and cooperation in accomplishing our common goals. Intercultural education can be very useful in resolving the issues that arise when different groups live together. Also,…

We compared year-long gains in fluency and comprehension in grades 3-5 in 3 treatment and 4 comparison schools. Treatment schools implemented a comprehensive school reform (CSR) program called Bookworms. The program employed challenging text and emphasized high text volume, aggressive vocabulary and knowledge building, and contextualized strategy…

Investigates assumptions young listeners may make about speaker authoritativeness. First and fourth graders were asked how the protagonist in a story would respond to what could be interpreted as redundant directions. Stories varied in terms of age and certainty of speaker. (Author/RH)

Investigates reciprocity in friends' knowledge of each other's personal-social characteristics as a function of age and type of friendship. Using a picture-sort procedure, 48 first- and fourth-grade dyads from mutual and unilateral friendships selected items most descriptive of themselves and their friends. (Author/RH)

A study assessed the effects of text structure and prior knowledge about its content on comprehension and recall of text by fourth and eighth grade students. Three groups, each with 15 students, were tested at each grade level. Subjects in the prior knowledge group heard and mastered a passage on one day and then heard, freely recalled, and…

Explores children's judgments of the relative effectiveness of four memory strategies (looking, naming, rehearsing, and categorizing.) Strategy judgment data were analyzed using Thurstone's Method of Paired Comparisons. (Author/NH)

Dot patterns varying in type of symmetry (double, vertical and horizontal symmetry, and asymmetry) were presented tachistoscopically for 200 msec, followed by a patterned mask, to 16 subjects in each grade level: kindergarten, second, and fourth-grade. (Author/JH)

Differences in comprehension, production, and appreciation of humor were explored among a total of 47 second and fourth graders, of whom 26 fourth graders had learning disabilities or developmental handicaps. Although children without disabilities comprehended cartoons better, no production differences were observed. (Author/DB)

Apologies and restitutions in the repair attempts of 50 first-, fourth-, and seventh-grade, middle-class, rural girls were investigated to determine what children know about their social environment during a period of social growth and how that knowledge develops. Repair attempts, such as apologies and restitutions, occur when a rule or social…

Using a simple structure factor analysis of test data of 144 fourth grade children in Norway, second order factors interpreted to represent Broad Visualization, Speediness, Fluid, and Crystallized intelligence intercorrelated substantially, the correlation between Fluid and Crystallized intelligence being the highest. (Author/BW)

Fourth graders were more achievement oriented than first graders and were not influenced by the sex of the experimenter. However, when the first graders were encouraged to achieve, boys responded positively to the male experimenter but negatively to the female experimenter. For the girls, the pattern was reversed. (Author/MV)