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Direct linkByrd, Clavon, Sr. – ProQuest LLC, 2009
This research described the retrospective formation of identity and manifestation of responsibility of four African-American female leaders who served as urban school principals. Cross (1971, 1991) determined that African-Americans undergo a four step process of identity development that he coined Nigrescence. Within these four stages of identity…
Descriptors: African Americans, Urban Schools, Focus Groups, Researchers
Allison, Eileen; Friedman, Stephen J. – Executive Educator, 1995
When parents objected to a new performance-based achievement scale, a Wisconsin school revised its report card to reflect traditional letter grades for each main subject area, using the new scale to measure component skill areas. Schools can weather controversy by making report cards reflect school philosophy, involving school personnel and…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grading
Download full textBallator, Nada; Jerry, Laura – 1999
The 1998 NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress) state level reading assessment measured fourth- and eighth-grade students' reading proficiency in situations that involved reading for three purposes: reading for literary experience, reading to gain information, and reading to perform a task (grade 8 only). This report describes the…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Elementary Education, Grade 4, Grade 8
Reese, Clyde M.; Jerry, Laura; Ballator, Nada – 1997
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is the only nationally representative and continuing assessment of what students in the United States know and can do in various academic subjects. The 1996 NAEP in mathematics assessed the current level of mathematical achievement as a mechanism for informing education reform. In 1996, 44…
Descriptors: Algebra, Elementary Education, Functions (Mathematics), Geometry
National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ. – 1993
In 1990, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) included a Trial State Assessment which, for the first time in the NAEP's history, made voluntary state-by-state assessments. This 1992 mathematics report marks the first attempt of the National Center for Education Statistics to shift to standards-based reporting of National…
Descriptors: Algebra, Calculators, Elementary Education, Estimation (Mathematics)
Kanetzke, Howard W., Ed. – 1977
Elementary school pupils are introduced to a genealogical approach to state and local history. Although the examples in the booklet pertain to Wisconsin, the format can be easily adapted for classroom use by teachers in other locations. A teacher's supplement accompanies the booklet and offers a bibliography, background information, additional…
Descriptors: Content Area Reading, Data Analysis, Data Collection, Elementary Education
