The paper highlights early steps in the development of the school system and its progression with a focus on the Vologda governorate in 1725-1917. Speaking of the materials, this part reviews the works on the history of pedagogy published in the pre-revolutionary period, as well as modern Russian scholarly literature. Research problems were…

This book recounts events in a Russian school during the 1990s when Russia itself was in transition. The book tells the story of an English teacher who dreamed of working in Russia and nearly 30 years later saw her dream come true. Old ways run in parallel with new Western-inspired methods. The outlooks of different generations more than ever…

This paper explores the historical formation of the teaching profession in Scandinavia in the 19th and 20th centuries, with special reference to developments in Finland. It focuses on the process by which mass education has assigned teachers a crucial role in the initiation ceremonies characteristic of modern society in relation to changing models…