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Rebecca A. Cruz; Allison R. Firestone – Whiteness and Education, 2024
Root causes of disproportionality in exclusionary discipline are multiply determined. Teachers' perceptions and implicit biases, enacted within the contexts of schools as racialised organisations, shape how educators interpret and respond to student behaviour. Focusing on the referral phase of the disciplinary process, this systematic review of…
Descriptors: Discipline, Referral, Racism, Educational Theories