Education is identified as one of the major goals of zoos. Research studies of the educational goals of different audiences associated with zoos and aquaria are reviewed in this report. These audiences include: (1) the zoo staff; (2) volunteers or docents; (3) general community members in formal programs; (4) students (elementary through graduate…

Identified are systematic visitor observation techniques to provide data to show visitors' reactions to interpretive programming. Use of this data should enhance the ability of the interpretive naturalists to plan, conduct, and evaluate interpretive programming. The suggested techniques can be accomplished without outside help, and can be…

References in this annotated bibliography concentrate on anthropological research concerning formal and informal education. The bibliography is selective, and the criteria are guided primarily by four questions: What basic concepts oriented the writer? What was done? How was it done? What was the disciplinary, or cultural, identity of the person…

A study explored how rural women in the village of Srefultoli, Bangladesh describe, from their own point of view, their experiences with nonformal education (NFE). Feminist research has shown that existing NFE programs in developing countries give women traditional knowledge of family planning, nutrition, and health care, but they do not deal with…

Discusses a study undertaken to evaluate the influence of two community learning programs on the adolescent participants. Topics discussed include differences in staff roles in the programs, program characteristics, learning outcomes, and participant attitudes. Findings indicated that, in general, youth liked the community programs and learned a…

Reports on an on-going study of traditional education in Sierra Leone using examples of traditional crafts. Notes that traditional education is not cut off from life; involves the whole family; is practical and situational, interdisciplinary and multi-methodological; and is geared to the student's interests, talents, and learning patterns. (DHP)

A study examined daytime education groups, a major phenomenon in Irish adult education. Results showed that 96 groups were operating, mostly in suburban areas, particularly Dublin. These groups had 8,723 adults participating in their courses and programs. What made them unique was their voluntary, locally based nature. The groups received little…

A model is presented to help clarify the concept of lifelong learning. Constructed on the idea that an operational definition of lifelong learning should be based on the locus of control for making decisions about the goals and means of learning, the model is a two-by-two matrix of learner and institution that represents four identified situations…

A qualitative analysis of adults' descriptions of their learning activities was conducted to determine those factors that organize nonformal learning but which apparently lie beyond the consciousness of the learner. It was hypothesized that the organizing circumstance (organizing factors external to the learner), rather than preplanning by the…

This annotated bibliography undertakes to examine and analyze the literature of the communication field and related areas with the objective of identifying all significant published material dealing with environmental communications. Included are: (1) background on environmental communication; (2) strategy and tactics of the environmental…

One of the most important recent developments in comparative adult education (CAE) has been the formation in 1987 of the Committee for Study and Research in Comparative Adult Education (CSRCAE), jointly founded by the International Council of Adult Education and the International Congress of University Adult Education. The Committee continues to…

The impact of the educational programs of zoos on the recreational visitor is addressed in this report. Unobtrusive or nonreactive research methods were employed as primary evaluative techniques by graduate social science students conducting six research projects at the Los Angeles Zoo. These studies were designed and implemented to examine: (1)…

Discusses Neville Bennett's research in "Teaching Styles and Pupil Progress", which addresses itself to classroom-related issues and uses the current practice of teachers as a basis for clarifying them. (Author/RK)

This report describes and analyzes the efforts and achievements made in Cambodia during the past 16 years with a special focus on developments after the United Nations organized election in 1993. During this process UNESCO played a small but important part in the reconstruction of education, freedom of expression (through the training of…

Contains a brief overview of the history and activities of the International Council for Distance Education (ICDE). The ICDE represents the full spectrum of technological advancement with over 70 member nations. Objectives include promoting knowledge of and improvement in distance education globally, and conducting research into all aspects of…