The central failure of conventional, or positivistic inquiry has been the inability to handle deception in research and the violation of societal ethics, moral and legal caused by such deception. Moral dimensions include tests for whether the research would be approved by reasonable persons, whether it might pass the test of publicity, and whether…

A series of 17 generalizations describes the educational research enterprise in the United States under four headings: Organizational patterns, training programs, dissemination techniques, and the relationship of research to practice. Eight summary statements outline the primary implications of these generalizations and define educational research…

Evaluation, defined as the process of providing and using information for making educational decisions, is a major factor in the achievement of planned change resulting in improved education. This kind of change is differentiated as neomobilistic or moving toward a planned new state, in contrast to evolutionary change and homeostatic change. Four…

Change roles in educational innovation have either not been taken at all or have been inappropriately or inadequately taken. By dividing the innovation process into four parts--research, development, diffusion, and adoption--phases within each division can be identified, criteria set up, and evaluations made. Also, with attention to this four-part…