Massengale's "Trends Toward the Future of Physical Education" (1987) makes no reference to the existence of the philosophic inquiry of physical activity within higher education kinesiology programs--even though the sub-discipline had been formalized by academics in the early 1970s. In contrast, Massengale and Swanson's "The History…

A large diversity of theoretical frameworks exists in the physical education literature. This article focuses on two of those frameworks to examine their compatibility and their complementarity. The classroom ecology paradigm concentrates on the balance between three task systems, two vectors, and programs of actions proposed by the physical…