Classroom teachers are affected directly and indirectly by external forces: international, national, social, institutional, pedagogical, economic, commercial, professional, and religious. It is proposed that teachers make use of constructive forces and combat destructive ones by using organizational and individual resources to create change.…

This report, one of a series on block grant implementation, describes the efforts 13 states have made to involve the public in their block grant decisions, and the reaction of various state-level interest groups to those efforts. These public input opportunities were established in response to federal requirements, but also on account of the…

In this book, three noted social scientists and six educators realistically assess the implications of today's political, educational, and social trends on future public education. Each of the nine original essays is followed by an editorial commentary, highlighting the inherent implications for schools, and by an addendum wherein issues…

This report examines California's geographic, socioeconomic, political, and educational makeup, and focuses in particular on organizations, governmental agencies, and persons affecting educational policymaking. The author first examines the structure of the policymaking body in the State. This structure includes the Chief State School Officer…

The present study looks at an example of institutional change directly resulting from the industrialization process --the industrial or vocational education movement. The thesis of this study is that an understanding of the debate over how schools should adapt to industrialization will reveal the nature of basic value choices which the American…

This case study traces the evolution of curriculum-related educational reforms in California, concentrating on those that have influenced mathematics and science. These reform efforts are examined in the framework of the state's political and policy context. Data came from interviews, a synthesis of the research literature, and newspaper accounts…

This paper provides an overview of the multicampus higher education systems which now dominate governance of public colleges and universities in the United States. After briefly summarizing the three types of governance systems (academically integrated multisite institutions; multicampus universities; and multicampus or consolidated systems) and…

Focusing on the experience of Seattle (Washington), this paper attempts to determine why school districts across the country have recently sought to de-emphasize segregation. Concerns about the validity of pursuing integration, particularly through busing, have been present throughout the history of school desegregation, but only recently is there…

Mexico's higher education system is described, particularly its current rapid expansion. The link between federal financing and evaluation policies is examined. The development of accreditation is chronicled, highlighting the influence of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and its emergence as a major issue in the agenda of higher education.…

This report examines the development of higher education and the process of educational reform in Romania through the 19th and 20th centuries and provides statistical data on the numbers of students, graduates, and academic staff that existed during specific time periods. Chapters cover: (1) the founding of the higher education system and its…

This document is a history of the founding, growth, and struggle for independence of Universidad Popular, a successful adult education center in Chicago. The story focuses on the struggle between a multi-campus, community college system and a local community wanting to assume responsibility for its own adult education. It follows the struggle…

Environmental scanning activities in higher education were described in forums at the 1986 annual meetings of the American Association for Higher Education (AAHE), the Association for Institutional Research (AIR), and the Society of College and University Planning (SCUP). The forums were held to determine the extent of environmental scanning…

Costa Rican education, although fairly successful compared to other Third World or Latin American countries, has serious problems needing action, including (1) large discrepancies between educational ideals and the realities of urban privilege, with regard to access and quality, and (2) a rote, narrow, superficial, impractical education. Other…

Canadian educators, researchers, and politicians gathered for a two-day conference in 1977 on the question of how educational research affects the formation of educational policy. The sixteen speakers analyzed the basic question from the points of view of the provincial politician, the school board chairman, the administrator, and the researcher,…

This review of research on recent refugees to the United States focuses on the Indochinese, Haitians and Cubans. An introduction stresses the need for more information to enhance a better understanding of the newcomers. Succeeding sections review published literature on: (1) the development of Federal policy concerning refugees, emphasizing the…