A sociointellectual profile is presented of the academic intelligentsia in tsarist Russia, including statistics that demonstrate the uniqueness of the educational structure and provide a basis for comparison with other national systems. The evolution of Russian educational institutions is shown to offer insight into the ways in which institutions…

The Associates Program of the Institute for Educational Leadership is a network of educational policy-makers in over 30 states. Each state's Associate conducts several seminars each year for the benefit of the state's key policy-makers. In 1977 these Associates (then numbering 23) and the participants in their seminars responded to questionnaires…

Educational purpose, policy, and practice in America have changed in important ways since World War II. For example, there have been three time periods with different educational purposes during the last forty years. For each of these periods, there were implicit assumptions made about why we educate, how we educate and where we educate. The first…

This paper suggests that there is an underlying political revolution in educational governance. Furthermore, there is a need for concern with the changes needed in the roles of researchers and state policy level policy makers in order for research to play a significant part in helping shape reform in education. Given the present political…

After a brief overview of responsiveness in government, this book discusses citizen participation in State and local politics and how well-intentioned reformers actually increased the insulation of State and local governments from their constituents. Sustained activity on behalf of interest groups and lobbying as the dominant mode of communication…

In order to measure the educational achievements of the Soviet Union, it is essential to analyze the educational system in the light of the original intentions and ambitions. The system has three main features, which are a new conception of the relationship between investment and education, an ideological basis and the fact that it is a planned…

To examine current communication and involvement patterns between municipal and educational governments in urban areas, a questionnaire was mailed to mayors of the nation's 50 largest cities. Responses to the questionnaires indicated that (1) incoming and outgoing communications about local school issues normally flow through the school…

The objective of this study was to explore, by means of the correlational analysis of aggregate data, the relationships between State governmental structure and education policies. More than thirty indexes were developed in the categories of (1) environmental conditions, (2) political system characteristics, and (3) policy outputs. Data from many…

This booklet is one of a series of reports addressing the most critical issues confronting state boards of education throughout the United States. Each report attempts to present a concise, informative review and analysis of the best and most current information available on one of these critical topics. This booklet focuses on issues related to…

An analysis of structured interviews conducted in 1973, 1979, and 1984 with state legislators and school lobbyists and 14 case studies that investigated issues in Minnesota state school policymaking reveal that influence relationships do not correspond to the bureaucratic model. Political leaders influence policymaking far more than do…

The success of British higher education in broadening its academic, social, and cultural roles may have begun to undermine the considerable solidarity and autonomy of the academic profession, with its values and privileges under more sustained attack than anywhere in Europe. (MSE)

The issues and influences in establishing research policy in the university are many, and their resolutions will be increasingly important for higher education institutions. There is a need for research into the formulation of research policy in higher education. (MSE)

Obstacles to the reform of British higher education include central government ineffectiveness, internal institutional policies, the tradition of institutional autonomy, diffusion of power, strong conservative political ties within the faculty, and economic recession. Reform of higher education is impossible without reform of the entire…

Assumes that America's economic difficulties and resulting social tensions will continue over the next two decades. Predicts consequent negative and positive trends in curricular content and organization and in decision-making processes affecting curricular change. Suggests that social change is crucial if curricular change is to be effective.…

Explores political pressures in continuing education, including the growing college and university administrative interest in sharing funds from continuing education courses with other faculty programs; disagreement among faculty as to their role in extension teaching; and outside professional, public, labor, and consumer political constituencies.…