This essay examines poverty in Latin America and its effect on education. It focuses on sexual bias and emphasizes that poverty is inherent in the social and economic structure of the region. The text examines how states in Latin America view the role of education, and it describes the growing chasm between the poor and the gentrified in various…

Presents a post-colonial reading of affirmative action (AA) policies in Fiji, arguing that AA was a deliberate response by various predominantly indigenous Fijian post-colonial governments to counter the effects of a discriminatory colonial history that produced significant educational and employment inequality. Analyzes the mixed outcomes of AA…

This working paper examines whether the concept of social exclusion, including educational exclusion, adds values to the understanding of poverty. It focuses on educational exclusion and inclusion in South Africa. The paper states that the issues are complex and that educational inclusion requires careful consideration of every aspect of schooling…

Presents a model gauging effects of race, sex, and social class for studying social policy's effects on education. The model is represented by intersecting circles defining concepts of cultural bias, individual prejudice, and institutional discrimination. Three superimposed double-sided arrows represent the cyclical nature of discrimination and…

Discusses the inadequacies of modernization theory of development and of research informed by modernization theory, in explaining the continuing exploitation and discrimination experienced by women in Zimbabwe. A historical overview of the state's perpetuating and reproducing patriarchy is presented that reveals the use of legislation and…

Affirmative action addresses disparities in higher education. Recent trends threaten gains, resegregation is underway nationally. California outlawed affirmative action, the quality of K-12 education is declining, and prison construction is soaring. African American and Latino participation in higher education has declined; both groups are…

The Civil Society Network for Education Reforms (E-Net Philippines), a network of organizations pushing for Education for All, believes that years of underinvestment and neglect of the public education system have caused the country's dismal education performance. This critique provided a framework for engaging with DepEd and the Legislature,…

In South Africa, the policy of separate development means that there are four educational systems (for Whites, Blacks, Asians, and "Coloureds"). The disparities among these systems clearly favour the dominant minority group. Reflecting the same disparities and inequalities, special education is a matter of separating rather than…

In the United States today, other languages and bilingualism receive no more respect than in 1954 when Mexican American children had to spend years in "pre-primer" classes before entering first grade. The rush to dismantle bilingual education programs has proceeded without any evidence of program failure. Without true equity and respect…

Examines the relationship between feminist and gender theories and the research being conducted on gender in education in Eastern and Southern Africa. Focuses on three types of theories: theories of difference, inequality theories, and theories of gender oppression. Discusses why it is important to promote discourse on the different gender…

Education names and classifies individuals. This result seems unavoidable. For example, some students will graduate, and some will not. Those who graduate will be "graduates"; those who do not graduate will be labeled otherwise. The only way to avoid such labeling is to fail to make distinctions of any kind. Yet education is rife with…

Black children are currently underrepresented in the less stigmatized and more prestigious special education classes for learning disabled students. Learning disabilities classification procedures discriminate against Black children. Ohio's placement formula is critiqued, and parents are urged to become politically active on their children's…

Examines the plight of children of foreign "guest workers" in West German schools. Discusses public nonrecognition of West Germany's immigrant-nation status, state-based governance of education, linguistic and cultural isolation of young minority children, failure of German immersion and pullout language programs, inadequate provision of…

Examines Trinidad and Tobago's attempts to increase educational access for all students, noting how race, class, and gender influence into which tier of a two-tiered system a student enters. Utilizes the creole society thesis to understand the soicety of Trinidad and Tobago, with its interaction of different races, cultures, institutional…

This book deals with the lawsuit Marco De Funis filed against the University of Washington which brought about the first court decision bearing on the issue of the legality of preferential admission of minority students to American universities. Background of the problem of reverse discrimination is given in a historical review of the events that…