Purpose: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been involved in academic programs in many Western countries, actively participating and reshaping policy implementation. This tremendous growth in external voluntary and philanthropic organizations in schools is associated with a global trend toward decentralization, commodification,…

In the early 1990s, the logic and policies of systemic reform launched a press to coordinate the pursuit of excellence and equity in U.S. public education, with each other and with classroom instruction. There was little in that policy moment to predict that these reforms would sustain, and much to predict otherwise. Yet, nearly three decades…

Analyzes why, as the process of decision-making has been centralized by school bureaucracies, and as professional educators have gained power, public education has become a closed social institution neither accountable nor responsible to the citizens it serves. (JM)

A federal role in education has developed in response both to constitutional requirements and national problems that transcend the scopes or the rescources of state and local governments. (CJ)

Discusses the shift of responsibility for public schooling back to the states and localities and the fact that block grants have become an integral part of national policy. Explains the effect of the cut in federal funds on the nation's schools. (JOW)

Author states that enactment of the All Handicapped Children Act "...will bring schools closer to the principles of democracy on which the nation was founded...", in that the practice of treating handicapped persons as second-class citizens will be abolished. Provisions of the bill are discussed in detail. (Author/RW)

Objectives were to determine to what extent major Protestant church bodies in the United States have adopted official policy statements supporting public education; to learn whether their adult work agencies have provided public education suggestions and programs for local groups; and to arouse awareness and concern in the churches. Statements by…

The responsibility of the Citizens Commission was to propose recommendations for the improvement of basic education in Pennsylvania. The Commission's recommendations are an attempt to clearly define the boundaries of the schooling process and to increase the effectiveness of the instructional process within those boundaries. The Commission…

Adult education programs are shown to be complementary to the proposed Universal Primary Education program in Nigeria by encouraging the development of personal abilities and social, moral, and intellectual responsibility in relation to local, national and world citizenship. Specific suggestions for general, vocational, and practical education are…

This handbook, developed by the California Moral Guidelines Implementation Committee, provides a structure of legal rights and responsibilities for school personnel and students in moral and civic education and teaching about religion. These guidelines were adopted by the California State Board of Education in 1973. Section 1 presents the legal…

Summarizes administrative roles from the Ministry of Education to boards of education elected by each prefecture and municipality. Discusses local autonomy in relation to national measures promoting educational equality. Identifies educational needs resulting from Japan's world trade, progress in science and technology, and changes in family life.…

The purpose of this policy report is to bring coherence to discussions about school reform and to encourage policymakers to use a consistent metric when judging whether reform proposals are serving the needs of children and the nation. The current confusion and policy debates over what is a public school--brought about by recent educational…

Persons responsible for ethical education policy formation in the United States must consider two factors: (1) variations in ethical awareness of a pluralistic society; and (2) the current status of ethical education in the public schools. Recent Gallup Polls indicate public demand for ethical education in the schools, although there is no…

It is the purpose of this chapter to show some of the more outstanding tendencies and examples of legislation affecting education in the United States during 1935 and 1936. During these years the legislature of every State had one or more legislative sessions, and, in addition, special sessions were called in many States. Moreover, many…