We present a new approach for the organization of schools, which we call the flexible scheduling paradigm (FSP). FSP improves student learning by dynamically redeploying teachers and other pedagogical resources to provide students with customized learning conditions over shorter time periods called "mini-terms" instead of semesters or years. By…

This article identifies Alec Clegg as the leading figure behind the English middle-school movement from the late 1960s. It is argued that the rise of middle schools was sustained by Clegg's astute understanding, which he transmitted to other local education authorities, that the political imperative of comprehensive reorganisation need not…

The latest installment of the Fordham Institute's "Creating Sound Policy for Digital Learning" series investigates one of the more controversial aspects of digital learning: How much does it cost? In this paper, the Parthenon Group uses interviews with more than fifty vendors and online-schooling experts to estimate today's average…

Examines five main directions and solutions for the development and delivery of middle level education in New Zealand: (1) intermediate schools becoming middle schools; (2) stand alone four-year middle schools; (3) middle school- within-a-larger school; (4) interschool cooperation; and (5) middle level approaches and methods implemented in…

The reforms currently proposed by educators and policymakers are based on two categories of assumptions: (1) changes in school organization will increase effective use of scarce resources; and (2) choices made by parents and children will effectively "match" students to appropriate learning environments. This paper presents a dynamic model of…

This paper discusses distinguishing features of site-based management, theories supporting site-based management, examples of current practices, and special education implications. Part I presents issues concerning the implementation of site-based management as a restructuring process, including obstacles in implementing site-based management,…

Higher education structures need to be redesigned to make them more responsive to the public's demand for more attention to teaching and learning and the reality of limited financial resources. The enterprise model can serve as a 21st century paradigm, with three new "tools": (1) customer influence on delivery of services; (2) accountability…

The purposes of this paper are threefold: 1) to explore several ways in which rational policy-making can be approached; 2) to discuss various plausible explanations for the findings and intervention strategies which seem to be consequent with those explanations; and 3) to determine the strengths and weaknesses of various specific intervention…

This book provides a series of conceptual guidelines and models, predicated on Catholic tradition and law, for all those responsible for educational governance in Catholic elementary and secondary schools and in the various forms of parish religious education programs. Chapter 1, "Education and Governance," discusses Catholic educational…

An analysis of the literature dealing with the responsiveness of public institutions to their clientele constitutes the main body of this interim project report. The analysts adopted Dahl and Lindblom's classification of political decision-making processes for summarizing the range of governing systems possible in public education. These four…

Access to higher education in Western industrialized countries in the 1960s and 1970s and structural policies are reviewed, along with policies on institutional patterns in the Federal Republic of Germany and the outcomes of the policies. Higher education policy in almost all Western industrial societies neither expanded in response to the…

This report describes a study which identified concerns and questions of general and special educators about inclusion and effective strategies for operating a successful inclusion model. Seven pairs of special and general educators in elementary and middle schools comprised the primary study group. Study group pairs interviewed their faculties…