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Direct linkJabeen, Shagufta – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
A national language policy reflects how a state looks at the languages used by its people. It assigns certain roles to languages, and addresses the issues of language education and language of education. Pakistan, a multilingual country, has yet no language policy at national level. This absence of policy has caused many issues, including the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Planning, Educational Policy, Language of Instruction
Download full textBhat, Zahoor Ahmad; Khan, Mahmood Ahmad – Online Submission, 2022
Gojri speakers, i.e., Gujjars and Bakarwals, are the relatively deprived indigenous tribal communities and groups. The hegemony of dominant languages in significant fields such as polity, judiciary, and education accentuates the exclusion of tribal and minority languages. The study relied on secondary sources and mainly focused on Gojri speakers…
Descriptors: Indigenous Populations, Language Minorities, Indo European Languages, Language Maintenance
Begum, Tahira – Power and Education, 2022
Background: Pakistan inherits a multilingual heritage. Along with Urdu, 70 different languages are spoken. The 1973 Constitution officially recognizes Urdu as Pakistan's only national language. Purpose: Until today, the adoption and promotion of Urdu as a medium of educational instruction has remained a point of controversy. Existing research…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Urdu, Official Languages, Language of Instruction
Khan, Muhammad Asim; Zaki, Sajida – SAGE Open, 2022
Language education policies contain discourses that have language ideologies embedded within them. This study explores the language ideologies in official language education policy documents of Pakistan from 2000 to 2020. Using Corpus Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis techniques, a 1.28 million-word-corpus was generated from 32 policy documents…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Ashraf, Muhammad Azeem; Turner, David A.; Laar, Rizwan Ahmed – SAGE Open, 2021
This study examines the language practices in educational settings in Pakistan, taking the multilingual groupings in society into account. In Pakistan, each province is linked to the single or multiple identities of its people and the languages spoken by the majority. The national language Urdu is limited to educational settings and its function…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Educational Practices, Educational Policy, Policy Formation
de Jong, Ester J.; Li, Zhuo; Zafar, Aliya M.; Wu, Chiu-Hui – Bilingual Research Journal, 2016
In this article, we apply Ruiz's language-as-resource orientation to three international settings: Taiwan, Pakistan, and mainland China. Our guiding question was how different languages (indigenous languages, Chinese, and English) were positioned differently as resources in these contexts. For our analysis, we used Lo Bianco's (2001) elaboration…
Descriptors: Language Planning, Multilingualism, Foreign Countries, Chinese
