The educational and social heritage of India has limited the development of creative spontaneous minds needed to meet the changes of the 20th century. The formal, irrelevant education, confined to the earlier years of an individual's life may only prepare him for a minimum of seven to 15 years of work during his adult life. Because India presently exists somewhere between the pre-industrial and industrial stages, the country must accommodate monumental and often unpredictable change. Development of a philosophy of lifelong learning will be necessary to meet the challenges of a changing world, which in turn will demand a change of educational objectives, organization, content, and methods. There can no longer be the conflict between science and arts, humanities, and technology, general and vocational learning, utilitarian and non-utilitarian education, primary versus secondary, and school versus adult literacy. The development of a practical program of lifelong learning will require interdisciplinary research and cooperation which will be challenged by the inertia of the Indian society. [Not available in hardcopy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (pt)